Bosnia and Herzegovina – historical and current dimensions of the ethnical relations

Bosna in Hercegovina, kot ena izmed šestih republik, ki je sestavljala Socialistično federativno republiko Jugoslavijo, je po njenem razpadu imela željo po neodvisnosti in suverenosti, kar pa ni bilo tako enostavno uresničljivo. Razglasitev neodvisnosti je sprožil kruto in krvavo vojno, ki je terjala več deset tisoč smrtnih žrtev in več milijonov razseljenih. Po tragični vojni je Bosna in Hercegovina dobila nov politični sistem, vsiljen s strani mednarodne skupnosti v okviru Daytonskega mirovnega sporazuma. Konec vojne ni pomenil dejanskega miru in zedinjene države, ampak združitev treh narodov na skupnem prostoru, kjer se je ta politični sistem kaj hitro izkazal za izredno nefunkcionalnega, saj ni razrešil osrednjih napetosti in vzrokov državljanske vojne, temveč je te le še utrdil. Kompleksnost in neučinkovitost političnega sistema je državo privedla do številnih negativnih posledic na področju gospodarstva in socialne politike. Bosna in Hercegovina je zato danes država z enim najkompleksnejšim političnim sistemom na svetu, katera mora za svoj obstoj, napredek in učinkovitejše delovanje, pri svojih državljanih, vzpostaviti potrebo po skupnih interesih, ciljih in vrednotah.Bosnia and Herzegovina, as one of the six republics that made up the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, had a desire for independence and sovereignty after its disintegration, which was not so easily achievable. The declaration of independence sparked a brutal and bloody war that claimed tens of thousands of deaths and millions of displaced people. After the tragic war, Bosnia and Herzegovina received a new political system imposed by the international community under the Dayton Peace Agreement. The end of the war did not mean real peace and a united state, but the unification of three nations in a common space, where this political system quickly proved as extremely dysfunctional, because it did not resolve the central tensions and causes of the civil war, but only consolidated them. The complexity and inefficiency of the political system has led the country to a number of negative consequences in the field of economy and social policy. Bosnia and Herzegovina is therefore today a country with one of the most complex political systems in the world, which must establish the need for common interests, goals and values for its citizens in order to exist, progress and function more effectively