Recognition of perinatal mental disorders

Uvod: Duševno zdravje je stanje dobrega počutja, v katerem posameznik razvija svoje sposobnosti, se spoprijema s stresom v vsakdanjem življenju ter učinkovito in plodno dela. Ženske se v predporodnem obdobju srečajo s telesnimi in duševnimi spremembami. Nosečnost, porod in poporodno obdobje so obdobja, kjer je ženska izpostavljena stresu in tesnobi. Kar 15–25 % žensk se v teh obdobjih sreča z duševnimi motnjami. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti najpogostejše duševne motnje v obporodnem obdobju in poudariti pomembnost zgodnjega prepoznavanja le-teh. S pomočjo ankete smo pridobili podatke, kako babice prepoznavajo duševne motnje, katere znake opazujejo in koliko pozornosti posvetijo »SZO/EURO lestvici dobrega počutja«. Metode dela: V teoretičnem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela in preučevanje tuje ter domače strokovne literature. V empiričnem delu diplomskega dela je uporabljena kvantitativna metoda raziskovanja. Za raziskovalni instrument smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik, ki so ga izpolnjevale babice v porodnem bloku Porodnišnice Ljubljana. Literaturo smo iskali preko podatkovnih baz PubMed, Medline, Cinahl, Google Učenjak, DiKUL in fizično v knjižnici Zdravstvene fakultete v Ljubljani. Rezultati: Babice se v porodnem bloku srečujejo s porodnicami, ki imajo duševne motnje v kar 24,6 %. Stisko prepoznajo preko nemira v pogovoru, nenehnega premikanja, tahikardije in tresočega glasu. Dobri dve tretjini babic porodnico vpraša po duševnih motnjah, kadar opazijo določen znak, kar 38 % pa jih tega ne vpraša. Kar 92 % anketiranih se strinja, da je opazovanje duševnega zdravja pomembno, lestvico dobrega počutja pozna samo 12 % babic. Ta lestvica je izpolnjena v 23 % s strani porodnic. Razprava in zaključek: Iz rezultatov je razvidno, da med mlajšo in starejšo generacijo ni bistvene razlike pri prepoznavanju duševnih motenj. Večina babic, zaposlenih v porodnem bloku Porodnišnice Ljubljana, ne pozna lestvice dobrega počutja. Ugotovili smo, da so na duševne motnje pozorne le, če je postavljena diagnoza oz. je napisano v materinski knjižici, prav pa bi bilo, da so na to pozorne pri vsaki porodnici. Večina anketiranih je mnenja, da imajo premalo znanja o duševnem zdravju. Da bi to izboljšali, je potrebno duševno zdravje vključiti v celostno obravnavo nosečnice in dodati klinično/negovalno pot za porodnice z duševnimi motnjami, težavami.Introduction: Mental health is a condition of well-being in which an individual develops their abilities, handles stress in everyday life and works effectively and lucratively. Women face physical and mental changes during pregnancy. Pregnancy, labor and puerperium are all events where a woman is exposed to stress and anxiety. Around 15–25 % women face mental illness. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to present the most frequent types of mental illnesses in perinatal period and to emphasize the importance of early recognition of them. With the survey we gathered the data of how midwives recognize the mental illness, what signs do they look for and how much attention do they commit to »SZO/EURO scale of well-being«. Methods: In the theoretical part we used descriptive method and studied foreign and domestic professional literature. In the empirical part we used survey as research instrument and it was filled out by midwives in Maternity Hospital Ljubljana. We searched for literature online at PubMed, Medline, Cinahl, Google Scholar, DiKUL and physically in the library of Faculty for health care of Ljubljana. Results: Midwives face 24, 6 % women giving birth who suffer from mental illness. They recognize it through communication disorder, constant moving, tachycardia and wobbly voice. About two third of midwives ask women about mental illness whenever they recognize a certain sign of it. 38 % of midwives do not ask about it. 92 % midwives agree that it is important to look for mental illnesses but only 12 % of midwives are familiar with the scale of well-being. 23 % of women fill out the scale of well being in maternity booklet. Discussion and conclusion: The findings shows that there is no fundamental difference in recognizing mental illness between younger and older generation of midwives. Most of midwives, employees at Maternity Hospital Ljubljana are not familiar with the scale of well-being. We found out that they are attentive to mental illness only if it is already diagnosed or it is noted in maternity book but they should pay attention for mental illness at every patient. Most of the respondents think they do not have enough knowledge about mental health. To improve awareness it is necessary to integrate mental health through the holistic approach during pregnancy