The problem of object tracking is a problem arising in domains such as computer vision (video surveillance for instance) and cinematographic post-production (special effects). There are two major classes of solution to this problem: region of interest tracking, which indicates a coarse tracking, and space-time segmentation, which corresponds to a precise tracking of the region of interest's contour. In both cases, the region of interest must be selected beforehand on the first, and possibly on the last image of the video sequence. In this thesis, we propose two tracking methods (one of each type). We propose also a fast implementation of an existing tracking method on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The first method is based on the analysis...