In order to limit the consequences of a hypothetical core meltdown accident in Generation IV Sodium Fast Reactors, absorber materials in or near the core, such as boron carbide B4C, and diluting materials in the core catcher will be used to prevent recriticality within the mixture of molten oxide fuel and molten structures called corium. The aim of the PhD thesis was to select materials of both types and to understand their behaviour during their interaction with corium, from chemical and thermodynamic point of view. Concerning B4C, thermodynamic calculations and experiments agree with the formation of two immiscible phases at high temperature in the B4C - UO2 system: one oxide and one boride. This separation of phases can reduce the effici...