In this thesis, the extremes of an important oceanographic variable for application will be studied: the significant wave height. This quantity is observed precisely thanks to remote sensing with the satellites. However, this data source produce complex data set with data irregularly spaced in space and time. This issue is central for studding extreme values, since few models are suited to such data. Two models are described in this document. First, we introduce an interpolation model, based on the estimation of displacements sea-states structures, thanks to particle filters. Then, an estimation of the covariance structure of the displaced field is applied to obtain and interpolation scheme. This technique leads to an improvement of usual a...