This thesis focuses on the problem of moving and localizing an autonomous mobile robot in its local environments. It is structured into two parts. The first part of the manuscript concerns two basic motion tasks, namely the stabilization and trajectory tracking. Two control strategies were discussed: the integral sliding mode, and the method known as "Immersion and Invariance" for nonlinear control. The second part focuses on both 2D and 3D visual servoing techniques. Image moments were chosen as visual features as they provide a more geometric and intuitive meaning than other features and they are less sensitive to image noise and other measurement errors. A new approach to visual servoing based on image is herein proposed. It is based on ...