The presence of snow locally modifies the atmospheric concentrations of trace gases. This is confirmed by numerous and recent experimental observations that raised the interest of the scientific community on the physico-chemical processes involved in the air-snow interactions. Quantifying these mechanisms requires the knowledge of the Specific Surface Area (SSA) of snow, which is the surface area of snow accessible to gases. This basic parameter was poorly documented at the beginning of this study, essentially because it is very difficult to measure. The objective of this thesis consists in the measurement of the SSA of snow and in the understanding and modeling of its evolution during snow metamorphism (i.e. the morphological transformatio...