The Cassini spacecraft has revealed in 2006 the existence of lakes and seas in the polar regions of Titan, Saturn's major moon. These lakes would be filled by liquid methane and ethane, metastable on Titan's surface, such as water is on Earth. The rounded shape of the depressions in which they lie suggests a depression formation related to volcanic, thermokarstic, karstic or evaporitic processes. This thesis thus aims at understanding formation mechanisms and the development of the lacustrine depressions on Titan. The comparative study between Ontario Lacus, the largest lacustrine depression of the southern hemisphere, and the Etosha pan, a karsto-evaporitic depression of Namibia, suggests a formation scenario based on the dissolution of a ...