The snow surface on the Antarctic Plateau plays an important role to study the surface mass and energy balance. Its characteristics depend on interactions between the atmospheric conditions and the top of the snowpack such as snowfall, snow remobilization by the wind and metamorphism. All the surface characteristics like type of crystals, roughness, density, albedo … are rounded up the expression surface state. Objective of this thesis is to study the surface state and its evolution due to atmospheric conditions, from satellite and in situ observations. Analyzing together in situ and satellite observations, respectively from infrared pictures of the snow surface (developing an algorithm to study the image texture) and microwave emission of ...