Mountain forests are structures of natural protection, which are, depending on the situation, able to offer an effective protection against gravitational natural hazards: rockfalls, avalanches, landslides, debris flows and erosion. Forest interventions, like the reforestation policies of the Restauration des Terrains en Montagne (RTM) of the nineteenth century, have demonstrated their efficiency in controlling slope erosion in connection with the torrent phenomenon. Since 2006, the new Guides des Sylvicultures de Montagne (GSM), of French, Swiss and Italian origin, advocate new forestry techniques for managing and optimizing the protective function of mountain forest stands. These recommendations include the realization of biological works ...