Privacy is one of the main issues of our modern day society in which the Internet is omnipotent.In this thesis, we study some technics allowing to realise a privacy-preserving cloud storage. Inthis way, we focus to protect stored data while allowing their owner to share them with peopleof his choice. Proxy re-encryption, one of the primitives offered by cryptography, is the solutionwe decide to consider.First, we give a definition of a proxy re-encryption system unifying all existing conventionalmodels. We also describe usual characteristics that this primitive may present and we provideits security model. Then, we focus more precisely on some specific schemes in order to improvetheir security. In this meaning, we expose a method which turn...