Snow on the ground is an essential medium at the surface of the Earth. For many years, scientists have attempted to decipher its functioning, because it exerts a significant influence on the regional and global climate, and governs environmental phenomena deemed critical for human societies (water resources including hydropower potential, snow avalanches, ski tourism etc.). Numerical models with various levels of complexity have been developed to integrate existing knowledge and predict the emerging behavior of the snowpack under given meteorological conditions from the large number of intertwined processes operating inside or at its boundary. Basic and advanced observation tools have been imagined and built to probe the physical properties...