Préparée au Laboratoire d’Optique AppliquéeENSTA ParisTech – École polytechnique – CNRS UMR 7639Palaiseau, FranceMy PhD project is closely related to the ANR project named “NOUGAT” which consists of developing a new tool for glaucoma surgery assisted by femtosecond laser and optical coherence tomography (OCT) [ANR-08-TECS-012]. This project is coordinated by the “Optics –Photonics – Health” group of the Laboratory of Applied Optics (LOA) and our partners are the Hôtel-Dieu hospital, the Charles Fabry Laboratory of the Institut d'Optique Graduate School and the company Amplitude Systèmes. Glaucoma is an ocular disease associated with an increase of the intraocular pressure. Surgical treatments consist in creating filtrating canals in deep sc...