This thesis is dedicated to the combinatorial, algebraic and homological study of hypertrees and semi-pointed partitions. More precisely, we study algebraic and homological structures built from hypertrees and semi-pointed partitions. After recalling briefly the notions needed, we use the theory of species of structures to compute the action of the symmetric group on the homology of the hypertree posets. This action is the same as the action of the symmetric group linked with the anticyclic structure of the PreLie operad. We refine our computations on a grading of the homology : Whitney homology. This study is a motivation for the introduction of the notion of edge-decorated hypertrees. A one-to-one correspondence of decorated hypertrees w...