The modelling of plant growth and development was born at the end of the XXth century at the intersection of three disciplines: agronomy, botany and computer science. After a first period corresponding to the emergence of a lot of different models, a new trend has been initiated in the last decade to give these models a rigorous mathematical and statistical formalism. This thesis focuses on two main areas of development: (i) models evaluation and comparison, and (ii) inter-individual variability in plant populations.In the first part of the thesis, we study the predictive capacity of plant growth models, and we apply a two-step methodology to build and evaluate different models in a predictive perspective. In a first step, a sensitivity ana...