The amount of data that is being gathered about cities is increasing in size and specificity. However, despite this wealth of information, we still have little understanding of the processes that drive cities. In this thesis we apply some ideas from statistical physics to the study of cities. We first present a stochastic, out-of-equilibrium model of city growth that describes the structure of the mobility pattern of individuals. The model explains the appearance of secondary subcenters as an effect of traffic congestion. We are also able to predict the sublinear increase of the number of centers with population size, a prediction that is verified on American and Spanish data. Within the framework of this model, we are further able to give...