Learning and memory consolidation processes in children and adults: a neurophysiological and neuropsychological investigation

Learning and memory consolidation processes in children and adults: a<p>neurophysiological and neuropsychological investigation.<p><p>Sleep is a complex and active state of the brain, associated with essential functional changes<p>[1]. Accumulated evidence in the adult population indicates that sleep participates in the<p>consolidation of declarative (i.e. memory for facts and episodes) and procedural (i.e. skills<p>and habits) memory, allowing novel information to be integrated for the long term in cerebral<p>networks [2]. Whether sleep supports memory consolidation in children likewise and to the<p>same extent than in adults remains disputed. In this framework, I have developed<p>experiments aimed at investigating sleep-dependent consolidation processes both in children<p>and adults, using behavioral and neurophysiological techniques (magneto-encephalography<p>[MEG]; electro-encephalography [EEG]; functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI]). To<p>sum up, researches conducted during my PhD thesis have contributed to start unraveling<p>neurophysiological mechanisms participating in sleep-dependent consolidation processes.<p>On the one hand, I report that despite a lack of detectable behavioral differences, posttraining<p>sleep plays a role in reshaping the cerebral networks subtending implicit motor<p>sequence learning in adults [3]. I also showed using a motor adaptation task [4] that sleep<p>contributes to the consolidation of procedural memory in children [5]. On the other hand, I<p>have evidenced neuromagnetic correlates of learning novel semantic representations in<p>children [6-7], and is currently finalizing the analysis of the effect of a post-training nap on the<p>consolidation of these representations. Finally, I showed in epileptic children that interictal<p>epileptic discharges (IED) during sleep impairs declarative memory consolidation processes<p>[8-9], and that this phenomenon is reversible upon pharmacological treatment suppressing<p>IED. Altogether, these findings advocate the need to explore further memory consolidation<p>and its neurophysiological basis in children, both healthy and suffering from various brain<p>pathologies [10].<p>[1] Urbain C. Peigneux, P. & Schmitz R. Sleep and the Brain. (to appear). In The Oxford Handbook of<p>Sleep and Sleep Disorders. C. M. Morin and C. A. Espie (Eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, NY.<p>[2] Peigneux P. Schmitz R. & Urbain C. Sleep and Forgetting. In Forgetting. S. Della Sala (Ed.).<p>Psychology Press, Hove, UK. 2010. (pp. 165-184).<p>[3] Urbain C. Schmitz R. Schmidt C. Cleeremans A. Van Bogaert P. Maquet P. and Peigneux P.<p>(submitted). Neuroanatomical Sleep-Dependent Processing in the Probabilistic Serial Reaction Time<p>Task.<p>[4] Huber, R. Ghilardi, M.F. Massimini, M. And Tononi, G. Local sleep and learning. Nature, 2004,<p>430, 78-84.<p>[5] Urbain C. Houyoux E. Albouy G. Peigneux P. (in preparation). Sleep-dependent consolidation of<p>procedural learning in children.<p>[6] Urbain C. Schmitz R. Op De Beeck M. Bourguignon M. Galer S. X. De Tiège, Van Bogaert P.<p>and Peigneux P. (in preparation). How learning new meanings about novel objects modulates cerebral<p>activity in children: A MEG Study.<p>[7] Urbain C. Schmitz R. Bourguignon M. Op De Beeck M. Galer S, De Tiège X. Van Bogaert P.<p>Peigneux P. (2011). Learning and Fast-Mapping Meanings to Novel Object in Children: A MEG Study.<p>17th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping [HBM], 26-30 June 2011, Québec<p>City, Canada<p>[8] Urbain C. et al. Is sleep-related consolidation impaired in focal idiopathic epilepsies of childhood?<p>A pilot study, Epilepsy and Behavior, 2011, 22(2), 380-384.<p>[9] Van Bogaert P. Urbain C. Galer S. Ligot N. Peigneux P. and De Tiège X. Impact of focal<p>interictal epileptiform discharges on behaviour and cognition in children. Neurophysiologie<p>Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 2012, 42(1–2), 53-58.Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation