Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DC IS) is a breast malignancy that is characterized by the proliferation of malignant ductal epithelial cells without evidence of invasion through the basement membrane. The incidence of DCIS has risen 11-fold between 1081 and 2001 through improved detection rates with screening mammography. DCIS is not a single entity but a spectrum of disease ranging from low to high grade. DCIS grade is an important prognostic factor with high grade lesions being more likely to recur.peer-reviewe