Self-awareness and self-knowledge according to Plato, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche and Emmanuel Mounier

V diplomskem delu obravnavamo temo samospoznanja in samospoznavnega procesa. Platon (s Sokratom), Nietzsche in Mounier so tisti filozofi, s pomočjo katerih smo zelo dobro spoznali filozofsko širino in globino obravnavane teme. Raziskali smo, kašen vpliv in kakšne implikacije ima samospoznanje na družbo in njeno politično življenje. Pri Platonu smo se osredinili na njegov dialog Alkibiad Prvi, v katerem zelo nazorno pokaže proces samospoznanja in njegovo praktično vrednost. Obrat v interpretaciji se zgodi, ko Platonovo samospoznanje obravnavamo v okviru spoznavanja samega sebe kot individualnega bitja v nasprotju z običajno interpretacijo. Večina interpretov Platonovo samospoznavanje obravnava kot splošno spoznanje samega sebe, torej človeške vrste. Ta obrat omogoča, da že pri Platonu razberemo ključne nastavke za vse poznejše teorije o samospoznanju oz. vzpostavitvi osebne identitete. Pri politični implikaciji obravnavamo Platonovo preslikavo posameznikovega psihološkega stanja na različne stanove v družbi oz. celo na državne ureditve. Pri Nietzscheju raziskujemo radikalno kritiko vseh pozitivnih izjav in definicij o samospoznanju. Vendar se Nietzschejeva pozicija izkaže za nezadostno: poleg tega da se pojavi problem subjektivistične filozofije, ki zapade v relativizem, z njegovimi pojmi ne moremo vzpostaviti konstruktivnega dialoga ali smiselnega sistema. Mouniera smo obravnavali kot enega glavnih predstavnikov personalizma. Izkaže se, da je s pojmom oseba in svojim aktivnim družbenim delovanjem posegel v politično prihodnost Evrope. Ob nenehnem preseganju samega sebe in svojih trenutnih danosti je ena ključnih lastnosti osebe prav aktivno delovanje, usmerjeno k drugemu in za drugega.In the diploma work we are discussing self-knowledge and the self-knowledge process. Plato (with Socrates), Nietzsche in Mounier are those philosophers, whose works broadened us the philosophical width and depth of our diploma topic. We have researched the influence and the implications of self-knowledge on society and its political life. In Plato\u27s work we focused on his dialogue Alcibiades I, in which he clearly presents the process of self-knowledge and its practical value. Inversion in the interpretation occurs, when we analyze Plato\u27s self-knowledge in the frame of getting to know oneself as an individual being as opposed to the usual interpretation. Most of the interpreters consider Plato\u27s self-knowledge as general knowledge of oneself, therefore a human kind. With this inversion we can already with Plato notice the key elements for all the following theories of self-knowledge or, as the case may be, establishing a personal identity. In political implication we analyze Plato\u27s reflection of individual\u27s psychological state on different social classes or even on the system of government. In Nietzsche\u27s work we research radical criticism of all positive statements and definitions about self-knowledge. However, Nietzsche\u27s position turns out to be insufficient: a problem of subjective philosophy occurs, which leads to relativism. In addition with his definitions we cannot establish a constructive dialogue or a meaningful system. We focused on Mounier as one of the main representatives of personalism. It turns out he influenced on Europe\u27s political future with his definition of an individual and his social activities. Along constant surpassing oneself and one\u27s current abilities it is essential for an individual to actively perform, towards others and for others