Integration of electrical vehicles in distribution networks

V tem diplomskem delu je bilo analizirano nekaj možnih pristopov k reguliranju porabe električnih vozil v gospodinjstvih z namenom povečanja števila priklopljenih električnih vozil brez večjih dodatnih stroškov. V ta namen so bili uporabljeni realni podatki omrežja in bremen. Na to omrežje je bilo nato postopoma priključeno vedno večje število električnih vozil, dokler niso razmere v omrežju padle pod dovoljeno mejo. Nato smo uvedli različne pristope z namenom povečati število električnih vozil na taistem omrežju in enaki porabi porabnikov ter prav tako ne preseči dovoljenih mej. Ti pristopi so bili: uvedba nočne tarife, lokalna samoregulacija električnih vozil in centralna regulacija. Pri uvedbi nočne tarife se je predpostavilo da se večina električnih vozil polni samo ponoči. Pri lokalni regulaciji se je predpostavilo da vsako električno vozilo samo preverja stanje na svojem priklopu in tudi samo reagira na prekoračitve mej. Pri centralni regulaciji se je predpostavilo, da so vsa električna vozila regulirana s strani distribucijskega centra vodenja, ki meri vse napetosti in pretoke moči na vseh elementih omrežja in primerno reagira na prekoračitve mej. Rezultati simulacij so pokazali, da je v teoriji mogoče drastično povečati število priklopljenih električnih vozil brez večjih dodatnih stroškov ojačenja in/ali razširitve simuliranega omrežja.This thesis addresses several possible approaches to the regulation of the use of electric vehicles in households with intent to increase the number of connected electric vehicles without substantial additional costs. To this end, the existing data of network and loads have been used. This network has been gradually connected to the increasing number of electric vehicles, until network conditions fall below the permitted limits. Then we introduced a variety of approaches in order to increase the number of electric vehicles on the same network and the same consumer loads, while not exceeding allowed limits. These approaches were: the introduction of night-time tariffs, local self-regulation of electric vehicles and central control. With the introduction of night tariff it is assumed that the majority of electric vehicle are being charged only at night. With local regulation it is assumed that each electric vehicle verifies the situation on its own connection point and reacts to exceed limits. With central control it is assumed that all electric vehicles are regulated by the distribution center management, which measured all voltages and power flows in all elements of the network and appropriately reacts to the exceeded limits. The simulation results showed that, in theory, it is possible to drastically increase the number of connected electric vehicles, without significant additional costs for reinforcements and/or extensions of the simulated network