Maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal zone management

Magistrsko delo obravnava pomorsko prostorsko načrtovanje in celostno upravljanje obalnega območja. Obalna območja so strateško pomembna območja, na katerih ţivi velik deleţ evropskih drţavljanov, pomembna so za proizvodnjo hrane in surovin, bistvena za prometne in trgovinske povezave, tam so nekateri najdragocenejši habitati, poleg tega pa so priljubljeni cilj za preţivljanje prostega časa. Vendar je privlačnost obalnih območij čedalje bolj ogroţena: njihovi naravni viri so čezmerno izrabljeni, pomanjkanje prostora povzroča spore glede uporabe, pojavljajo se velika sezonska nihanja v številu prebivalstva in delovnih mest, naravni ekosistemi, od katerih so odvisna obalna območja, pa propadajo. Politika in zakonodaja o upravljanju obalnih območij ter njuni mehanizmi izvajanja so bili na splošno razviti ločeno drug od drugega in izključno sektorsko. Celostno upravljanje obalnih območij zato predstavlja strateški pristop k načrtovanju in upravljanju obalnih območij in mora zagotoviti boljšo podlago za izkoriščanje sinergije, zmanjševanje neskladnosti ter končno za boljše in učinkovitejše doseganje trajnostnega razvoja. Zaradi povpraševanja po morskem prostoru za raznovrstne namene, kot so obrati za proizvodnjo energije iz obnovljivih virov, raziskovanje in izkoriščanje nafte in plina, pomorski promet in ribolovne dejavnosti, ohranjanje ekosistemov in biotske raznovrstnosti, pridobivanje surovin, turizem, objekti za akvakulturo ter podvodna kulturna dediščina, je potreben celosten ekosistemski pristop pri načrtovanju dejavnosti na morju. Tak pristop upravljanja z morji je pomorsko prostorsko načrtovanje, katerega cilj je podpreti trajnostni razvoj morij in oceanov ter razviti usklajeno medsektorsko oz. nadsektorsko orodje politike, ki javnim organom in deleţnikom omogoča uporabo celostnega in čezmejnega pristopa. Rezultat načrtovanja je konkretni pomorski prostorski načrt. Zaradi čezmejne narave morja in obalnih procesov sta nujna usklajenost in sodelovanje s sosednjimi drţavami v okviru regionalnih morij. Pri celostnem upravljanju obalnega območja in pomorskem prostorskem načrtovanju je nujno upoštevati medsebojno vplivanje kopnega in morja.Coastal zones are strategically important zones, where live a lot of European citizens: they are important to produce food and row materials, they are essential for traffic and commerce relations, they hold some of the most precious habitats, and besides they are choosen to spend at the best one\u27s free time. Nevertheless the attraction of coastal zones is ever more in danger: their natural sources are extremely overworked, the lack of space causes fights in its employment, large season fluctuation of people and work. Natural ecosystems, of which depend coastal zones, are in decline. Politics and laws regarding the administration of coastal zones as well as their realisation have developped separetly and only by sector. The global administration of coastal zones is therefore to be realized strategically both for their programming and administrating. It has also to ensure a better base to exploit of synergy, reduction of inconsistency and best realization of a lasting development. Owing to the request of maritime space for different aims, as the production of energy through renewable sources, research and exploitation of naphte and gas, sea traffic and fishing activities, salvage of ecosystems and bio diversities, obtaining of rough materials, tourism, aims regarding water culture and underwater cultural heritage, it is necessary to project sea activities by considering a global ecosystem. Such an administrative act as regards sea problems is the maritime spatial planning, which purpose is to substain a lasting sea and ocean development as well as an infra or better a supersector political object able to permit to public organs and participants the employment of the global and international use. The programming result is the concrete marine spatial plan. Owing to the international nature of sea and coastal processes it is to consider the cooperation with the neghbouring countries within regional seas. In the global administration of coastal zones and in the marine spatial planning must be highly considered both the terrestrialand the sea space