ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMERS´ TYPES AND SIMULTANEITY FACTOR

Magistrsko delo obravnava gospodinjske odjemalce električne energije in njihovo obremenitev distribucijskega omrežja. Na podlagi izvedenih meritev električne moči pri gospodinjskih odjemalcih, za katere smo imeli podatek o povprečni moči v 15-minutnem intervalu, smo z metodo gručenja definirali gospodinjske tipe odjemalcev. Obstaja več metod gručenja, mi pa smo uporabili K-means metodo, ki je dala rezultat tri gruče oz. tri tipe gospodinjskih odjemalcev. V nadaljevanju smo se osredotočili na izračun faktorja istočasnosti ter faktorja prekrivanja, ki sta v pomoč pri načrtovanju in projektiranju transformatorskih postaj. Na podlagi izmerjenih moči gospodinjskih odjemalcev smo izračunali faktorje istočasnosti za vse tri tipe gospodinjskih odjemalcev. Faktor istočasnosti je odvisen od maksimalne moči električnih naprav, ki jih uporablja gospodinjski odjemalec v določenem trenutku. Glede na vse večje število električnih naprav pri gospodinjskih odjemalcih in njihovo vse pogostejšo istočasno uporabo so faktorji istočasnosti večji kot v preteklih letih. Zatem je sledil izračun faktorja prekrivanja, pri katerem smo ponovno uporabili podatke o izmerjeni moči gospodinjskih odjemalcev. Faktor je odvisen od števila gospodinjskih odjemalcev na obravnavanem področju in njihove sočasne uporabe električnih naprav. Glede na število gospodinjskih odjemalcev, ki so napajani iz iste transformatorske postaje, smo izračunali faktorje prekrivanja za vse tri tipe gospodinjskih odjemalcev. Večje kot je število gospodinjskih odjemalcev, manjši je faktor prekrivanja in obratno. V zadnjem delu naloge smo za podeželsko področje gospodinjskih odjemalcev izračunali moč nove transformatorske postaje. Najprej smo se lotili obstoječega izračuna, ki ga uporabljajo projektanti pri projektiranju novih transformatorskih postaj. Zatem je sledil izračun na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov v naši nalogi. Oba izračuna moči transformatorske postaje smo preverili na dejanskih meritvah, kajti transformatorska postaja je bila zgrajena leta 2009. Prišli smo do pričakovanega rezultata, in sicer se je moč gospodinjskih uporabnikov povečala, hkrati pa se je povečala tudi njihova sočasna uporaba električnih naprav. Do takšnega zaključka smo lahko prišli, ker so dejanske meritve moči transformatorske postaje zelo malo odstopale od izračunanih na podlagi dobljenih rezultatih v tej nalogi. Glede na obstoječ izračun moči, ki ga uporabljajo projektanti, pa je bila dejanska moč večja kot projektirana.The master\u27s thesis deals with domestic electricity customers and their load distribution network. Based on the measurements performed electrical power for household customers, for which we have data on the average power in the 15 minute interval, the method of clustering types of customer was defined. There are several methods of clustering and we used the K- means method, which gave us the result of a cluster of three groups or three types of household consumers. Then, we defined the calculation of the factor of simultaneity and overlapping factor that may help in the planning and design of transformer stations. Based on the measured power of household consumers simultaneity factors were calculated for all track types of household consumers. Simultaneous factor is dependent on the maximum power of electrical appliances used by household customers at any given time. Given the increasing number of electrical appliances for household consumers and their growing use simultaneously, the simultaneity factors are greater than in previous years. Then followed a calculation factor of overlap in which we re- use the information on the measured power of household consumers. The factor depends on the number of customers in this area and their concomitant use of electrical appliances. Depending on the number of household customers that are powered from the same transformer stations factors overlap were calculated for all three types of household consumers. A larger number of household customers is, the smaller overlap factor is, and vice versa. In the last part of this thesis for the rural area household customers the power of the new transformer station was calculated. First of all we started the current calculation used by design engineers in the design of new substations. Then followed a calculation based on the results obtained in our study. Both calculations of power transformer station were checked on actual measurements, because the transformer station was built in 2009. The expected result was that the strength of household users increased and at the same time their concomitant use of electrical appliances. Such a conclusion could be drawn, as the actual measurements of the power transformer station deviated very little from the calculated measurement on the basis of the results obtained in this thesis. According to the existing power calculation used by designers, the actual power was greater than designed