Antibacterial biomaterials in orthopedics

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering on 10/07/2021, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815732-9.00131-5 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.Implant infection is a serious complication resulting in pain, mortality, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century causing an estimated 25000 deaths/year in the EU at ���1.5 billion/year in healthcare and productivity cost. By 2050, WHO estimates 10 million lives a year will be at risk from AMR, surpassing cancer, with $100 trillion in economic costs if no proactive solutions are found. The risk-of-infection associated with surgical implants is the one that is called for the highest attention. Antibacterial biomaterials are rapidly emerging as a primary component of the global mitigation strategy against both implant infection and AMR. As a result of extensive research efforts, advances are being made both on antibacterial surface coatings topographical architecture that can be applied that reduces the risk of infection. In this regard, the paper introduces the emerging research on antibacterial constructs highlighting the challenges and opportunities. In doing so, antibacterial biomaterials the offer the highest potential for reducing orthopedic infections while combating AMR are discussed.Published versio