Handling cross and out-of-domain samples in Thai word segmentation

�� 2021 The Authors. Published by ACL. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher���s website: https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.86While word segmentation is a solved problem in many languages, it is still a challenge in continuous-script or low-resource languages. Like other NLP tasks, word segmentation is domain-dependent, which can be a challenge in low-resource languages like Thai and Urdu since there can be domains with insufficient data. This investigation proposes a new solution to adapt an existing domaingeneric model to a target domain, as well as a data augmentation technique to combat the low-resource problems. In addition to domain adaptation, we also propose a framework to handle out-of-domain inputs using an ensemble of domain-specific models called MultiDomain Ensemble (MDE). To assess the effectiveness of the proposed solutions, we conducted extensive experiments on domain adaptation and out-of-domain scenarios. Moreover, we also proposed a multiple task dataset for Thai text processing, including word segmentation. For domain adaptation, we compared our solution to the state-of-the-art Thai word segmentation (TWS) method and obtained improvements from 93.47% to 98.48% at the character level and 84.03% to 96.75% at the word level. For out-of-domain scenarios, our MDE method significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art TWS and multi-criteria methods. Furthermore, to demonstrate our method���s generalizability, we also applied our MDE framework to other languages, namely Chinese, Japanese, and Urdu, and obtained improvements similar to Thai���s