Postprandial vascular-inflammatory and thrombotic responses to high-fat feeding are augmented by manipulating the lipid droplet size distribution

Background and Aims Postprandial responses are influenced not only by the type and amount of fat ingested, but also lipid droplet size distribution. However, little research has investigated the impact of differential lipid size distributions within a mixed-macronutrient meal context on postprandial vascular health. Therefore, we examined whether manipulating the lipid droplet size distribution within a mixed-macronutrient meal impacts vascular-inflammatory and thrombotic parameters. Methods and Results In a randomised and counterbalanced fashion, sixteen adults (8 males; age 34±7 years; BMI of 25.3±4.5 kg/m2) completed three separate fasted morning-time feeding challenges, each separated by a minimum washout of 7-days. On each occasion, test-meals matched for carbohydrate and protein content differing only in fat amount and the lipid droplet size distribution were administered, such that participants consumed (1) a low-fat meal (LF) with negligible fat content, (2) an emulsified-high-fat meal with a fine lipid droplet size (FE), or (3) an emulsified-high-fat meal with a coarse lipid droplet size (CE). Periodic blood samples were retrospectively analysed for plasma triglycerides, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), tissue factor (TF), fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Triglyceride concentrations increased rapidly overtime under FE (P-time0.05) and was comparable to LF (P-condition>0.05). Similarly, FE induced a significant rise in TNFα, TF, fibrinogen, and PAI-1 (P-time0.05). Conclusion A high-fat mixed-macronutrient meal with a larger lipid droplet size distribution ameliorates the associated rise in vascular-inflammatory and thrombotic parameters