Educational programmes for frail older people, their families, carers, and healthcare professionals: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: More people are living with frailty and requiring additional health and support services. To improve their management, the ‘Frailty: Core Capability Framework’ in the United Kingdom recommends frailty education for older individuals, their families, carers and health professionals. We performed a systematic review of specific educational programmes for these groups. Methods: Electronic databases were searched using dedicated search terms and inclusion criteria. To improve accuracy, two reviewers carried out the screening and selection of research papers. Information from included studies was collected using a tailored data-extraction template, and quality appraisal tools were used to assess the rigour of the studies. The findings were analysed to identify key themes. Results: Eleven studies met the criteria and were included in the review. Their study populations ranged from 12 to 603 and the research designs were heterogeneous (6 Qualitative; 2 Randomised Controlled Trials; 1 Quasi-experimental; 1 Mixed methods; 1 Cross-sectional study). Whilst some methodological shortcomings were identified, all studies contributed valuable information. Their results underwent narrative synthesis which elucidated four thematic domains: (1) Accessibility of educational programmes, (2) Empowerment, (3) Self-care, and (4) Health Promotion (especially exercise and nutrition). Conclusion: Educational programmes for older people, their carers and health professionals are important for effective frailty prevention and management. To be maximally beneficial, they should be easily accessible to all target populations and include empowerment, self-care and health promotion. Further research should explore the formulation of widely-applicable, user-friendly programmes and delivery formats that can be tailored to different client groups