Optical ac coupling to overcome limitations in the detection of optical power fluctuations

A high-sensitivity detection method for optical power fluctuations is demonstrated based on photodetection in reflection of an optical resonator with a specific impedance matching. That resonator is used to reduce the carrier power reflected by the resonator while preserving the power fluctuation sidebands for frequencies above the resonator bandwidth. A sensitivity of 7×10−10 Hz−1/2 for relative power fluctuations was achieved with only 3 mA of detected photocurrent and 99.6% of the power remained for downstream experiments. As in the widely used ac coupling of electrical signals, this technique overcomes dynamic-range limits and reduces detector noise associated with large carrier amplitudes of the optical field