Biotechnologies and international human rights

This book follows and complements the previous volume 'Biotechnology and international law' (Hart, 2006) bringing a specific focus on human rights. It is the result of a collaborative effort which brings together the contributions of a select group of experts from academia and from international organisations with the purpose of discussing the extent to which current activities in the field of biotechnology can be regulated by existing human rights principles and standards, and what gaps, if any, need to be identified and filled with new legislative initiatives. Instruments such as the UNESCO Declaration on the Human Genome (1997) and on Bioethics and Human Rights (2005) are having an impact on customary international law. But what is the relevance of these instruments with respect to traditional concepts of state responsibility and the functioning of domestic remedies against misuse of biotechnologies? Are new legislative initiatives needed, and what are the pros and cons of a race toward the adoption of new ad hoc instruments in an area of such rapid technological development? Are there risks of normative and institutional fragmentation as a consequence of the proliferation of different regulatory regimes? Can we identify a core of human rights principles that define the boundaries of legitimate uses of biotechnology, the legal status of human genetic material, as well as the implications of the definition of the human genome as 'common heritage of humanity' for the purpose of patenting of genetic inventions? These and other questions are the focus of a fascinating collection of essays which, together, help to map this emerging field of inquiry.Part I. Overview and cross-cutting issues. -- 1. Genetic resources, biotechnology and human rights : the international legal framework / F. Francioni. -- 2. State responsibility for violations of basic principles of bioethics / P-M. Dupuy. -- Part II. Bioethics and human genetics. -- 3. Ethical pluralism and the regulation of modern biotechnology / R. Brownsword. -- 4. Consolidating bio-rights in Europe / S. Millns. -- 5. UNESCO standard-getting activities on bioethics : speak softly and carry a big stick / A. Yusuf. -- 6. The normative spectrum of an ethically-inspired legal instrument : the 2005 Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights / H. Boussard. -- Part III. Economic, social and cultural rights. -- 7. Agricultural biotechlology and the right to food / K. Mechlem and T. Raney. -- 8. A case study of tht European Union's Regulation of GMOs : environmert, health, consumer rights and economic freedom / E. Righini. -- 9. Biogenetic resources and indigenous peoples' rights / F. Lenzerini. -- Part IV. Intellectual property rights and trade issues. -- 10. Biotechnology, human rights and international economic law / E-U. Petersmann. -- 11. Genetic engineering, trade and human rights / T. Cottier. -- 12. Patents, biotechnology and human rights : the preservation of biodiverse resources for future generations / F. Abbott. -- Part V. Participatory rights and remedies. -- 13. Citizens' rights and participation in the regulation of biotechnology / D. Galligan. -- Part VI. International humanitarian law. -- 14. Offensive military applications of biotechnologies : loopholes in the law? / L. Vierucc