Pomacea sp shell to hydroxyapatite using the ultrasound–microwave method (U–M)

The shell of Pomacea sp has a potential application as raw material for the production of hydroxyapatite (HA). The preparation of HA was carried out at low temperature using a combination of ultrasound and microwave assisted radiation methods. In this experiment, hydroxyapatite was synthesized using citric acid as an organic modifier and Na2HPO4 as the source of PO34. The obtained products were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to confirm the morphology and crystalline phase of H