The Analysis of Discourse Markers Used by J.K Rowling, Oprah Winfrey and Steve Jobs in Their Speeches

This research concerned with the use of discourse marker in formal speech that delivered by famous figures: J.K Rowling, Oprah Winfrey and Steve Jobs. According to Schiffrin Discourse Markers discourse markers are as sequentially dependent elements that group units of talk. Discourse markers have function in relation to enduring talk and text, discourse marker also contribute to the coherence and cohesion of the discourse, especially spoken discourse. \ud \ud The problem formulations of this research are: What are the functions of the discourse markers used by J.K Rowling, Oprah Winfrey and Steve Jobs in their speeches and how are discourse markers used by Steve Jobs, J.K Rowling and Oprah Winfrey in their speeches.\ud \ud Subject of this research is speeches from J.K Rowling (commencement address at Harvard University in 2005), Oprah Winfrey (commencement address at Stanford University in 2008) and Steve Jobs (commencement address at Stanford University in 2008). Meanwhile object of this research is the discourse markers that found in their speeches. \ud \ud To collect the data, the researcher identified the discourse markers that can be found in those speeches, and classify the data that obtained using the theory of Deborah Schiffrin : marker of information management, marker of responses, discourse connectives, markers of cause and result, temporal adverb, marker information and participation. Then , the data are analysed descriptively by exploring the literal meaning and the context of utterance\ud \ud The result of this research states that there are five categories that can be found in those speeches. There is no the marker of information management because that markers usually occurs in dialogue or conversation. Meanwhile the category marker which frequently used by the three of speakers is discourse connective ( and , but and or)