Dyslipidemia in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a presença de dislipidemia em pacientes com dermatomiosite juvenil (DMJ) e seus possíveis fatores de risco. MÉTODO: 25 pacientes com DMJ foram comparados a 25 controles de acordo com dados demográficos, composição corporal, perfil lipídico, glicêmico, autoanticorpos e enzimas musculares. Foram avaliados os instrumentos de atividade da DMJ: Disease Activity Score (DAS), Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Analogue Scale (MYOACT) e Myositis Intention to Treat Activity Index (MYTAX). RESULTADOS: Perfil lipídico alterado foi encontrado em nove pacientes e quatro controles (36% vs. 16%, p=0,196). Os pacientes com DMJ demonstraram níveis significativamente mais elevados de triglicérides (TG) [80 (31-340) vs. 61 (19-182) mg/dl, p=0,011] e maior freqüência de baixos níveis de lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL) (28% vs. 4%, p=0,04) quando comparados aos controles. A mediana dos níveis de HDL foi significativamente menor nos pacientes com DMJ com dislipidemia comparados aos DMJ com perfil lipídico normal [29 (0-49) vs. 50 (39-72) mg/dL, p=0,0005], enquanto os níveis TG [128 (31-340) vs. 69 (46- 138) mg/dL, p=0,011] foram significativamente mais elevados no primeiro grupo. Foi observada uma maior freqüência de baixos níveis de HDL (77% vs. 0%, p=0,001) e de níveis elevados de TG (44% vs. 0%, p=0,01) e de colesterol total (CT) (33 vs. 0%, p=0,03) no grupo de pacientes com DMJ com dislipidemia. O anticorpo anti-LPL foi positivo em apenas um paciente com perfil lipídico alterado. Pacientes com DMJ com dislipidemia apresentaram níveis significativamente mais elevados de velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS) (26 vs. 14,5 mm/1a hora, p=0,006), proteína C reativa (PCR) (2,1 vs. 0,4 mg/dL, p=0,01), DAS (6 vs. 2, p=0,008), MYOACT (0,13 vs. 0,01, p=0,012) e MYTAX 0,06 vs. 0, p=0,018) e escores mais baixos de CMAS (47 vs. 52, p=0,024) e MMT (78 vs. 80, p=0,001) comparados aos pacientes com DMJ sem dislipidemia. Os níveis de TG apresentaram correlações positivas com PCR (r=0,697, p=0,001), DAS (r=0,610, p=0,001), MYOACT (r=0,661, p=0,001) e MYTAX (r=0,511, p=0,008) e correlações negativas com CMAS (r= - 0,506, p=0,009) e MMT (r= - 0,535, p=0,005). Nenhuma diferença entre estes grupos foi encontrada em relação ao IMC, composição corporal, presença de lipodistrofia, anticorpos anti-LPL e terapêutica (doses atuais e cumulativas de prednisona, metotrexato e cloroquina) (p>0,05), exceto pela frequência significativamente mais elevada do uso de ciclosporina nos pacientes com DMJ dislipidêmicos (33% vs. 0%, p=0,03). CONCLUSÃO: A dislipidemia em pacientes com DMJ se caracterizou por elevação de níveis séricos de TG e diminuição de HDL, sendo a atividade da doença e o uso da ciclosporina os principais fatores associados a esta alteração metabólicaOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of dyslipidemia in JDM and its possible risk factors. METHODS: 25 JDM patients were compared to 25 healthy controls according to demographic data, body composition, fasting lipoproteins, glycemia, insulin, antibodies and muscle enzymes. The following JDM scores were assessed: Disease Activity Score (DAS), Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Analogue Scale (MYOACT) and Myositis Intention to Treat Activity Index (MYTAX). RESULTS: Abnormal lipid profile was found in nine patients (36%) and four controls (16%) (p=0.196). JDM patients demonstrated significant higher levels of triglycerides (TG) [80 (31- 340) vs. 61 (19-182) mg/dL, p=0.011] and higher frequency of abnormal levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) (28 vs. 4%, p=0.04) when compared to controls. JDM patients with dyslipidemia demonstrated significant lower median HDL levels compared to those without this condition [29 (0-49) vs. 50 (39-72) mg/dL, p=0.0005] and also had significant higher TG levels [128 (31- 340) vs. 69 (46-138) mg/dL, p=0.011]. Higher frequency of low HDL levels (77% vs. 0%, p=0.0001), and also a higher frequency of increased levels of TG (44% vs. 0%, p=0.01), and TC (33% vs. 0%, p=0.03) were observed in JDM patients with dyslipidemia. Positive anti-LPL antibody was detected in just one JDM patient with abnormal lipid profile. JDM with dyslipidemia had higher ESR (26 vs 14.5mm/1sthour, p=0.006), CRP (2.1 vs 0.4mg/dL, p=0.006), DAS (6 vs. 2, p=0.008), MYOACT (0.13 vs. 0.01, p=0.012), MYTAX (0.06 vs. 0, p=0.018), and lower scores of CMAS (47 vs. 52, p=0.024) and MMT (78 vs. 80, p=0.001) compared to JDM without dyslipidemia. Positive correlations were detected between TG levels and CRP (r=0.697, p=0.001), DAS (r=0.610, p=0.001), MYOACT (r=0.661, p=0.001), MYTAX (r=0.511, p=0.008), and negative correlations with CMAS (r=-0.506, p=0.009) and MMT (r=-0.535, p=0.005). No differences were found between these groups regarding body mass index, body composition, lipodystrophy, anti-LPL antibodies, and treatment (current and cumulative doses of prednisone, methotrexate and hydroxichloroquine) (p>0.05), except by higher frequency of cyclosporine use in patients with dyslipidemia (33 vs. 0%, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidemia in JDM patients was characterized by increased levels of TG and low levels of HDL, and disease activity and cyclosporine use were the mainly factors associated to these metabolic abnormalitie