Síntese e caracterização de novos ligantes macrocíclicos ou intercalantes e seus respectivos complexos trinucleares de cobre (II) e/ou binucleares de ferro (III) como modelos miméticos para as hidrolases/nucleases sintéticas

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em QuímicaA natureza aprendeu a utilizar propriedades especiais dos metais para realizar uma ampla variedade de funções associadas aos sistemas vivos. Através do estudo estrutural, espectroscópico e de testes de reatividade, busca-se esclarecer o mecanismo através do qual ocorre o processo catalítico em complexos modelos para que estes possam auxiliar na elucidação do mecanismo pelo qual a enzima nativa atua. Neste trabalho foram sintetizados e caracterizados por análise elementar de CHN, espectroscopia eletrônica, eletroquímica, titulação potenciométrica e espectrofotométrica e magnetoquímica dois novos complexos trinucleares de cobre(II) empregando-se os dois novos ligantes contendo átomos N,O-doadores: H3L2pyald e H3Len. Os complexos [Cu3(L2pyald)( -OAc)](ClO4)2 - 1 e [Cu3(Len)( -OAc)](ClO4)3 - 2 tiveram suas estruturas cristalinas resolvidas por difratometria de raios-X. Além disso, 1 e 2 foram testados frente a hidrólise do substrato bis(2,4-dinitrofenil)fosfato. O complexo 1 é o mais efetivo na conversão do substrato a produtos. Foram sintetizados também, dois novos complexos binucleares de ferro (III), empregando os ligantes H2L3pyald e H2L3pyald-but-pireno. Os estudos realizados frente à hidrólise 2,4-BDNPP demonstraram que entre os complexos sintetizados [Fe2(L3pyald)2( -OAc)2](ClO4)2 - 3 e [Fe2(L3pyald-but-pireno)( -OAc)2](ClO4)2 - 4, o complexo 4 apresenta uma constante catalítica kcat = 1,10.10-3 s-1, sendo esta aproximadamente 4 vezes superior à constante do complexo 3. A partir dos dados obtidos, foi possível propor um ciclo catalítico para a hidrólise do 2,4-BDNPP, mediada pelos complexos 1 e 2 e outro para os complexos 3 e 4.Nature has learned to make use of special properties of metals to achieve a wide variety of functions associated to living beings. Metalloproteins that perform catalytic functions are denominated metalloenzymes, characterizing then a special class of bioinorganic compounds. One area of action for the synthetic chemicals in Bioinorganic is the design, synthesis and characterization of inorganic molecules of low molecular weight which have structural, spectroscopic and/or reactivity to mimic enzymes of interest. Model complexes have a fundamental role on the understanding of the physicochemical properties of metalloenzymes, before of their X-ray crystal structures' resolution. In this way, through structural and spectroscopic studies as well as reactivity tests, the search of the most probable mechanism through the catalytic process occurence is done. This data will help substantially to clarify the real mechanism that occurs in the native enzyme. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization by elemental analysis, electronic spectroscopy, electrochemistry, potentiometric and spectrofotometric titration, and magnetochemistry of two new binuclear copperII complexes, using the new ligands which contains N,O-donors atoms: H3L2pyald - N,N'-bis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-(2- hydroxy-3-carbonil-5-methylbenzyl)-1,3-propanodiamine-2ol e H3Len - N,N'-bis-(2-pyridylmethyl) - (2-hydroxy-3-methyl-etilenodiamine-5-methylbenzil)- 1,3-propanodiamine-2ol), whereas in the latter ethylenediamine group acts as macrocycle. The structures of the complexes [Cu3 (L2pyald)(µ-OAc)](ClO4)2] - 1 and [Cu3 (Len)(µ-OAc)](ClO4)3] - 2 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Moreover, 1 and 2 were tested towards the activity in the hydrolysis of 2,4-bis-dinitrophenylphosphate. The complex 1 is more effective in the conversion of substrate to products, with a catalytic efficiency of 0.37, which corresponds to approximately two times higher than that presented by complex 2. Were synthesized and characterized from various other techniques have also Mössbauer spectroscopy, two new binuclear complex ironIII employing the new ligand H2L3pyald N,N',N'-tris-(2- pyridylmethyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzil-benzaldehyde)-1,3- propane-2ol) and the unpublished ligand containing an intercalant pyrene group H2L3pyald-but-pireno N,N',N'-tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-(2- hydroxy-3-methyl-butanodiamine-methyl-pyrene-5-methylbenzil)-1,3- propane-2ol). The kinetics for the promotion of bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate (2,4-BDNPP) hydrolysis demonstrated that between the synthesized complex [Felll(L3pyald)2(µ-OAc)2](ClO4)2] - 3 e [Felll(L3pyald-but-pireno)(µ-OAc)2](ClO4)2] - 4, the compound 4 has a catalytic constant kcat = 1,10.10-3 s-1, which is approximately four times the constant of the complex 3 (kcat = 2,88.10-4 s-1), which reflects the efficiency that the compound 4 shows the conversion of reactants to products. Preliminary studies against hydrolysis of the DNA showed that the compound 4 promotes the cleavage of double-stranded plasmid DNA. Based on structural, spectroscopic, electrochemical and potentiometric and spectrophtometric data, it was possible to propose a catalytic cycle for the catalytic cleavage of 2,4- BDNPP in the presence of the complexes 1 and 2 and other for 3 and 4 which is compatible with a mechanism already described in the literature