Characterization of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in southern Brazil : chronic complications and associated factors

Objetivo. Avaliar a prevalência de complicações crônicas vasculares e fatores associados em pacientes com diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 1. Métodos. Estudo transversal com pacientes DM tipo 1 atendidos no Serviço de Endocrinologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à presença de complicações crônicas vasculares. Resultados. Avaliamos 573 pacientes, idade média de 33 anos. A presença de retinopatia diabética (RD) foi observada em 43,3%, o tempo de DM [RC: 1,07; IC95% 1,03-1,11; P < 0,001], presença de nefropatia diabética (ND) [RC 3,40; IC95% 1,89 - 6,13; P <0,001] e presença de hipertensão (HAS) [RC:2,12; IC95% 1,16 - 3,87; P = 0,014] foram associados com RD. A ND esteve presente em 34,5% e foi associada à presença de HAS [RC: 1.93; IC95% (1,16-3,21); P = 0,001] e colesterol total [RC: 1,0; IC 95% (1,0-1,01); P = 0,05]. Sete pacientes apresentaram doença macrovascular. Apenas 22% atingiram níveis de HbA1c <7,0%. A prevalência de HAS foi 33%, sendo que 48% estavam com a PA <130/80 mm Hg e 45% dos pacientes apresentaram valores de LDL >100 mg/dl. Conclusão. Observamos elevadas prevalências de complicações microvasculares e de HAS. A duração do DM, HAS e presença de ND foram associados à RD. HAS e dislipidemia foram associados à ND. A maioria dos pacientes encontrava-se fora dos alvos desejados de controle glicêmico, pressórico e lipídico. Maiores esforços são necessários para intensificar o controle metabólico e pressórico de pacientes com DM tipo 1.Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of chronic vascular complications and associated factors in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods. Cross sectional study with type 1 DM patients attending the Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. Patients were evaluated for presence of chronic vascular complications. Results. We evaluated 573 patients, mean age of 33 years. The presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was observed in 43.3%, diabetes duration [OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.11, P <0001], the presence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) [OR: 3.40; CI 95%: 1.89 to 6.13, P <0001] and hypertension (HPT) [OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.16 to 3.87, P = 0014] were associated with DR. The DN was present in 34.5% and was associated with HPT [OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.16 to 3.21, P = 0001] and total cholesterol [OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 1.0-1.01, P = 0.05]. Seven patients had macrovascular disease. Only 22% achieved an A1c of <7.0%. HPT was 33% and 48% had levels <130/80 mm Hg and 45% of patients had values for LDL> 100 mg/dl. Conclusion. We observed a high prevalence of microvascular complications and HPT. Duration of DM, HPT and presence of DN were associated with DR. HPT and dyslipidemia were associated with DN. Most patients did not meet the desired glycemic control, blood pressure and lipid targets. Greater efforts are needed to intensify the pressure and metabolic control of patients with type 1 DM