Assessment of the energy content of human milk administered to very low birth weight infants

Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar o conte??do energ??tico do leite humano cru e do leite humano processado oferecidos aos rec??mnascidos com peso de nascimento menor que 1.500 g no Instituto Fernandes Figueira. M??todos: Foram avaliadas al??quotas com 0,5 ml de leite humano cru e de leite humano processado, determinando-se primeiramente o cremat??crito e, posteriormente, por meio da aplica????o de f??rmulas matem??ticas, o teor energ??tico. Foram avaliadas 462 amostras de leite humano, sendo 401 de leite humano processado e 61 de leite humano cru. Resultados: A m??dia do percentual de gordura obtida foi de 3,0??1,2% no leite humano processado e de 8,9??4,6% no leite humano cru (p < 0,001). A m??dia do conte??do energ??tico calculado foi de 53,6??7,2 kcal/100 ml no leite humano processado e de 85,9??27,9 kcal/100 ml no leite humano cru (p < 0,001). Conclus??o: Foram encontrados percentual de gordura e conte??do energ??tico significativamente menores no leite humano processado em rela????o ao leite humano cru, sugerindo que o processo de manipula????o pode afetar a qualidade do leite humano processado ofertado aos rec??m-nascidos.OBJECTIVES: To assess the nutritional and body composition of two Brazilian indigenous populations by comparing their nutritional status. METHODS: 95 children from Alto Xingu and 69 from Ikpeng were evaluated, ages ranged from 24 to 117 months. The study was performed in the Xingu Indigenous Park. Data collected were: age, weight, height, skin folds, arm circumference, resistance and reactance. The z-scores were calculated and classified according to the parameters defined by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS 2000). Shortness was defined as length or stature below -2, underweight as body mass index below -2, and overweight as body mass index above 2. RESULTS: Among children from Alto Xingu, the prevalence of shortness was 8.4%, while among Ikpengs the prevalence was 37.7% (p < 0.001). Underweight was diagnosed in 12.5% of Ikpeng's children. Values of fat-free mass were greater for children from Alto Xingu and no case of obesity was found. CONCLUSION: In this study, Ikpeng's children showed higher incidences of short stature and low weight than the Altoxingu's children. Data regarding body composition have greater values among children from Alto Xingu, thus we conclude that nutritional status among children from Alto Xingu is better than the one found among the Ikpeng's children