Influence of spirituality, religion and beliefs in the quality of life of people with spinal cord injury

Tem-se observado a importÃncia da espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenÃas para superar momentos difÃceis. Desse modo, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influÃncia da espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenÃas pessoais na qualidade de vida de pessoas com lesÃo medular (LM). Trata-se de um estudo exploratÃrio de corte longitudinal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado na cidade de Fortaleza - CE, em duas fases, no ambiente hospitalar e depois com os mesmos pacientes, em seu domicÃlio, por meio de contato telefÃnico. A populaÃÃo alvo do estudo foi constituÃda de 55 pessoas no ambiente hospitalar, mas somente 49 participaram da segunda fase. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos; um para traÃar os perfis sociodemogrÃfico e clÃnico e o instrumento de Qualidade de vida da OrganizaÃÃo Mundial da SaÃde - MÃdulo Espiritualidade, ReligiÃo e CrenÃas Pessoais - WHOQOL-SRPB, o qual apresenta oito facetas, totalizando 32 itens com respostas em escala Likert. Foram realizadas anÃlises exploratÃrias mediante uso de distribuiÃÃes de frequÃncias univariadas e medidas descritivas. Os aspectos Ãticos foram respeitados, conforme a ResoluÃÃo 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de SaÃde (BRASIL, 2012), e aprovado pelo comità de Ãtica da UFC com protocolo n 338.980 e do comità coparticipante (IJF) com o n 348.114. A validaÃÃo da consistÃncia interna das respostas obtidas e cÃlculo dos escores das respectivas dimensÃes da escala foram verificados em ambas as fases do estudo e mostrou ser excelente. Para comparaÃÃo dos valores mÃdios dos grupos (hospitalizados e no domicÃlio) foi utilizado o Teste T de Wilcoxon. Confirmam-se os altos escores obtidos nos domÃnios da WHOQOL-SRPB, em ambas as fases, nas quais os domÃnios que mais se destacaram foram os relacionados com a esperanÃa e otimismo, forÃa espiritual e fÃ. Em relaÃÃo Ãs modificaÃÃes dos escores durante as duas faces os domÃnios que demostraram diferenÃa estatÃstica significante foi os domÃnios, sentido na vida e forÃa espiritual, acredita-se que essa diferenÃa ocorreu devido à mudanÃa de ambiente, no qual a pessoa ainda estar passando pelo perÃodo de adaptaÃÃo. Portanto, espera-se que este estudo possa despertar os enfermeiros para a reflexÃo sobre a relevÃncia do cuidado espiritual e emocional das pessoas com LM.The importance of spirituality, religiosity and beliefs to overcome difficulties has been noted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of spirituality, religiosity and personal beliefs in the life quality of people who had a spinal cord injury (SCI). This is an exploratory longitudinal study with a quantitative approach, conducted in the city of Fortaleza - CE, in two phases: in the hospital and then with the same patients, in their homes, through telephone contact. The studyâs target population consisted of 55 people in the hospital, but only 49 participated in the second phase. In order to meet the aims of this study, two instruments were applied; one to trace the socio-demographic and clinical profiles and the Quality of Life instrument of the World Health Organization - Module Spirituality, Religion and Personal Beliefs - WHOQOL-SRPB WHO, which features eight factors, totalling 32 items on the Likert scale, where 1 represents never and 5 indicates always. Exploratory analyzes were performed by using univariate frequency distribution, descriptive measures and the Box Plot graph. The validation of the internal consistency of the responses and calculation of the scores of the respective dimensions of scale WHOQOL-SRPB were verified in both phases of the study. The ethical aspects were observed, according to Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council (BRAZIL, 2012), and approved by the ethics committee of the UFC with Protocol 338 980 and committee co-participant (IJF) with paragraph 348 114. The validation of the internal consistency of the responses and calculate the scores of the respective dimensions of the scale were observed in both phases of the study and proved to be excellent. The Wilcoxon T test â a non parametric test for paired samplesâ comparison â was used to compare the average values of the groups (hospitalized and at home). High scores were obtained from WHOQOL-SRPB domains, in both phases, in which the ones that stood out were those related to hope and optimism, spiritual strength and faith. Regarding changes in scores for the two sides domains that demonstrated a statistically significant difference was domains, meaning in life and spiritual strength, it is believed that this difference was due to the change of environment in which the person is still going through the period adaptation. Therefore, it is expected that this study lead nurses to the reflection on the relevance of spiritual and emotional care of people with SCI and to the practice of mutual respect