Agribusiness surrouding agroecology: way of life and environmental and social conflict in agricultural communities tabuleiro de Russas, CearÃ.

O objetivo desta pesquisa à compreender como comunidades agrÃcolas Lagoa dos Cavalos, Junco, BarbatÃo e CÃrrego Salgado, municÃpio de Russas, CearÃ, tÃm construÃdo alternativas ao desenvolvimento em defesa de seu modo de vida e como estratÃgia de resistÃncia à expansÃo do agronegÃcio na subbacia do Baixo Jaguaribe. O marco referencial se concentra nas categorias analÃticas âideologia do desenvolvimentoâ (Rigotto, 2008), âalternativas ao desenvolvimentoâ (Santos, 2005), âagroecologiaâ (Altieri, 2009) e âconflito socioambientalâ (Acselrad, 2004.). A abordagem metodolÃgica encontra-se na hermenÃutica de profundidade de Thompson (1996), perpassando por mÃtodos etnogrÃficos da observaÃÃo participante (Malinowsky, 1984) e da descriÃÃo densa (Geertz, 1989). Como resultados da descriÃÃo do modo de vida agrÃcola tradicional das comunidades Lagoa dos Cavalos, Junco, BarbatÃo e CÃrrego Salgado, desvelamos o processo sÃcio-histÃrico na construÃÃo de alternativas de convivÃncia com o semiÃrido; caracterizaÃÃo da agrobiodiversidade e sua inter-relaÃÃo com os processos de trabalho na agricultura familiar e na apicultura; o potencial da organizaÃÃo comunitÃria e da transiÃÃo agroecolÃgica na promoÃÃo da saÃde no campo. Em relaÃÃo à caracterizaÃÃo do conflito socioambiental entre comunidades agrÃcolas e o ÃrgÃo governamental DNOCS, desvelamos as tramas do conflito entre o modelo de produÃÃo do agronegÃcio e os modos de vida agrÃcolas do sertÃo do CearÃ; as limitaÃÃes dos instrumentos de avaliaÃÃo de impactos ambientais; o movimento de resistÃncias local; construÃÃo de alternativas territoriais como contraproposta ao projeto original do governo federal. Este estudo de carÃter descritivo-documental inter-relaciona saÃde, meio ambiente e produÃÃo a partir de um estudo empÃrico e traz reflexÃes sobre o potencial endÃgeno das comunidades para construÃÃo e efetivaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas de desenvolvimento territorial rural e promoÃÃo da saÃde no campo.The purpose of this research is to understand how the agricultural communities of Lagoa dos Cavalos, Junco, BarbatÃo and CÃrrego Salgado, in the municipality of Russas, state of CearÃ, Brazil, have created alternatives to development in defense of their way of life and as a strategy of resistance to the expanding large-scale agribusiness at the sub-basin of the Lower Jaguaribe River. Our reference framework draws from the analytic categories of âideology of developmentâ (Rigotto, 2008), âalternatives to developmentâ (Santos, 2005), âagroecologyâ (Altieri, 2009) and âsocio-environmental conflictâ (Acselrad, 2004). The methodological approach is based on the depth hermeneutics of Thompson (1996), reaching over the ethnographic methods of participant observation (Malinowsky, 1984) and thick description (Geertz, 1989). As results of the description of the traditional agricultural life of the communities of Lagoa dos Cavalos, Junco, BarbatÃo and CÃrrego Salgado, we reveal the social and historical process in the creation of alternatives of coexistence with the semi-arid climate, characterizing the agricultural biodiversity and its interrelation with the work processes of family-based agriculture and beekeeping, along with the potential for communitorganization; and the process of agroecological transition in the promotion of health in the countryside. Regarding the characterization of the socio-environmental conflict between the agricultural communities and the National Department of Public Works against Drought (in the Brazilian acronym, DNOCS), we unveil the threads of the tension between the production model of agribusiness and the agricultural ways of life in the dry countryside of the state of CearÃ; the limitations of the instruments for evaluating environmental impacts; the local movement of resistance; and the construction of territorial alternatives as a counterproposal to the original project laid down by the federal government. Based on an empirical work, this descriptive-documental study dwells with the linkages between health, environment and production, and presents some reflections on the endogenous potential of the communities in the construction and effective execution of the public policies of rural development and promotion of health in the countryside