Oral clinical conditions of patients with disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS reference hospital in Fortaleza

A histoplasmose disseminada (HD) à uma grave infecÃÃo oportunista, causada por Histoplasma capsulatum, frequentemente observada em pacientes com aids em avanÃada imunossupressÃo atendidos em serviÃo de assistÃncia a pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids em Fortaleza, CearÃ. Como outras infecÃÃes oportunistas, a histoplasmose pode ser precocemente identificada pela presenÃa de manifestaÃÃes especÃficas na cavidade oral. Para conhecer a frequÃncia e caracterÃsticas das manifestaÃÃes orais de HD associada à aids foi realizado um estudo transversal em pacientes adultos com suspeita ou confirmaÃÃo de HD, de agosto de 2009 a marÃo de 2010. Os dados foram coletados mediante aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrio, exame clÃnico oral, exames histo-citopatolÃgicos, fotografias e consulta aos prontuÃrios mÃdicos. Foram diagnosticados 22 casos de HD, do total de 56 doentes. Cinco pacientes (5/22; 22,7%) apresentaram lesÃes orais com caracterÃsticas clÃnicas de histoplasmose e em quatro (4/22; 18,9%) desses a presenÃa do fungo foi detectada por meio de biÃpsia e citologia esfoliativa, em fragmentos e esfregaÃos examinados com coloraÃÃo por Grocott, PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) e Giemsa. Nove pacientes foram definidos como possÃveis casos de HD (com base em antecedentes patolÃgicos e manifestaÃÃes clÃnicas) e dois desses apresentaram, da mesma forma, lesÃes orais com caracterÃsticas clÃnicas de histoplasmose, porÃm essas nÃo foram biopsiadas. Ãlcera com crosta hemorrÃgica em mucosa labial foi a apresentaÃÃo mais frequente (60%), seguida da forma granulomatosa com lesÃes mÃltiplas em palato e gengiva (20%) e de lesÃo ulcerada na lÃngua (20%). Os pacientes com HD apresentaram mediana de 36,5 cels/mm de linfÃcitos T CD4 e nÃveis significativamente mais elevados de desidrogenase lÃctica (LDH; p=0,0001) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST/TGO; p=0,0002), assim como nÃveis significativamente mais baixos de hemoglobina (p= 00,2), leucÃcitos (p= 0,04) e plaquetas (p= 0,001). Odinofagia foi relatada por todos os pacientes com HD (p=0,000) e disfagia esteve presente em 10 (45,4%; p=0,011) desses. Disfonia foi observada em um paciente que apresentou histoplasmose na laringe. CandidÃase pseudomembranosa, seguida da forma eritematosa estiveram associadas à HD em 45,5% e 4,5% dos pacientes, respectivamente. A prevalÃncia de gengivite foi de 38,3% e em 57,4% dos pacientes foi identificada a presenÃa de cÃlculo o que indica saÃde oral precÃria e expressiva necessidade de serviÃos odontolÃgicos.The disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is a serious opportunistic infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, often seen in aids patients in advanced immunosuppression treated in health care service for people living with HIV/aids in Fortaleza, CearÃ. Like other opportunistic infections, histoplasmosis can be identified early by the presence of specific manifestations in the oral cavity. To know the frequency and characteristics of oral manifestations of DH aids-associated it was carried out a cross-sectional study in adult patients who were suspected or confirmed to have DH, from August 2009 to March 2010. The data were collected through questionnaire, oral clinical examination, histocyto-pathological examinations, photographs and observation of medical records. Twenty-two cases of DH were diagnosed in the total of fifty-six patients. Five out of the twenty-two patients (5/22, 22.7%) had oral lesions with clinical features of histoplasmosis and in four out of the twenty-two (4/22, 18.9%) the fungus was detected through biopsy and exfoliative cytology, in fragments and smears examined by staining with Grocott, PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) and Giemsa. Nine patients were defined as possible cases of DH (based on pathological background and clinical manifestations) and two of those presented, in the same way, oral lesions with clinical features of histoplasmosis, however, these were not biopsied. Ulcer with hemorrhagic crust on the lip mucosa was the most frequent (60%), followed by granulomatous form with multiple lesions on the palate and gums (20%) and ulcerated lesion on the tongue (20%). DH patients had a median of 36.5 cells / mm of lymphocyte T CD4 and significantly higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; p= 0.0001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST/TGO; p= 0.0002), as well as significantly lower levels of hemoglobin (p= 00.2), leukocytes (p= 0.04) and platelets (p= 0.001). Odynophagia was reported by all patients with DH(p = 0.000), and dysphagia was present in ten (45.4%, p = 0.011). Dysphonia was observed in a patient who presented histoplasmosis of the larynx. Pseudomembranous candidiasis, followed by the erythematous form was associated with DH in 45.5% and 4.5% of the patients, respectively. The prevalence of gingivitis was 38.3% and in 57.4% of the patients was identified calculus dental which indicates poor oral health and significant need for dental services