Evaluation of the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in itapipoca town-CearÃ

O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 à uma doenÃa de importÃncia crescente na saÃde pÃblica, jà que sua incidÃncia e prevalÃncia tÃm avanÃado de forma assustadora, sendo causada por uma combinaÃÃo de fatores genÃticos e estilo de vida. Em face disso, a saÃde pÃblica indica a prevenÃÃo primÃria para identificar os fatores de risco para DM2 e traÃar estratÃgias com vistas a evitar a exposiÃÃo ao risco, retardando ou impedindo o aparecimento da doenÃa. Objetivou-se avaliar o risco para o desenvolvimento do DM2 entre adultos de Itapipoca-CE. Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, com delineamento transversal e observacional, realizada no perÃodo de janeiro a marÃo de 2010, com 419 usuÃrios da EstratÃgia SaÃde da FamÃlia do municÃpio de Itapipoca-CE, com idades entre 20 e 59 anos. Para a coleta de dados aplicou-se um formulÃrio no qual se registraram dados sociodemogrÃficos e clÃnicos e o Finnish Diabetes Risk Score. Os dados foram armazenados no Excel, sendo processados no Statistical Package for Science Social versÃo 18.0. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Cearà sob protocolo 346/09. Dos 419 usuÃrios participantes, 88,1% eram do sexo feminino; a mÃdia de idade foi de 37 anos; 60,4% eram casados ou mantinham uniÃo estÃvel; 39,4% cursaram atà o ensino fundamental incompleto e 58,2% pertenciam Ãs classes econÃmicas D/E. Em relaÃÃo aos fatores de risco para DM2, 25,3% tinham idade ≥ 45 anos; 59,7% estavam com excesso de peso; 84% foram classificados em risco cardiovascular; 83,3% eram sedentÃrios; 53,7% relataram nÃo comer frutas e/ou verduras diariamente; 12,9% tomavam anti-hipertensivos; 5,3% mencionaram histÃria prÃvia de glicose alta e 47% histÃria familiar de DM2. Segundo observou-se, 5,2% da amostra foram classificados com hipertensÃo e apenas 0,7% com provÃvel diabetes. Quanto ao grau de risco para DM2, 24,6% estavam em baixo risco; 63% em risco moderado e 11,7% em alto risco. Entre os participantes com alto risco, 12,0% eram homens; 30,2% tinham idades ≥ 45 anos; 37,4 estavam com excesso de peso; 21,1% estavam em risco cardiovascular aumentado; 12,9% eram sedentÃrios; 14,7% nÃo comiam frutas/verduras diariamente; 31,5% tomavam anti-hipertensivos; 81,8% relataram histÃria de glicose alta e 23,9% histÃria familiar de DM2. Esse estudo abre portas para uma posterior pesquisa de intervenÃÃo no municÃpio, na qual os indivÃduos com alto risco para DM2 seriam acompanhados pelos profissionais de saÃde da ESF e dos NÃcleos de Apoio à SaÃde da FamÃlia, com orientaÃÃes quanto Ãs mudanÃas no estilo de vida, e com intervenÃÃes nos fatores de risco potenciais encontrados, objetivando reduzir ou retardar o aparecimento da doenÃa.The type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease of increasing importance in public health, since its incidence and prevalence have dauntingly advanced, and has been caused by a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle. In this view, public health indicates primary prevention to identify risk factors for T2DM and strategize in order to avoid exposure to risk by delaying or preventing the onset of the disease. The objective was to evaluate the risk for the development of T2DM among adults in Itapipoca town-CearÃ. It is a quantitative research with cross-sectional observational study conducted from January to March 2010, with 419 users of EstratÃgia SaÃde da FamÃlia (ESF) in Itapipoca town-CearÃ, the participants aged between 20 and 59 years. To collect data we applied a form in which demographic and clinical data and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score were registered. The data were stored in Excel, and processed in the Statistical Package for Social Science 18.0. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of CearÃ, under protocol 346/09. Out of the 419 participating users, 88.1% were female and the average age was 37 years, 60.4% were married or had common law-marriage, 39.4% attended to part of primary school and 58.2% belonged to lower social classes. Regarding risk factors for T2DM, 25.3% were aged ≥ 45 years, 59.7% were overweight, 84% were classified as cardiovascular risk, 83.3% were sedentary, 53.7% reported not eating fruit and / or vegetables daily, 12.9% were taking anti-hypertensive, 5.3% reported a previous history of high glucose and 47% had family history of T2DM. As observed, 5.2% of the sample were classified as having hypertension, and only 0.7% with probable diabetes. As for the risk levels for T2DM, 24.6% were at low risk, 63% in moderate risk and 11.7% at high risk. Amongst participants with high risk, 12.0% were men, 30.2% were aged ≥ 45 years, 37.4% were overweight, 21.1% were at increased cardiovascular risk, 12.9% were sedentary; 14.7% did not eat fruit / vegetables daily, 31.5% took antihypertensive drugs, 81.8% reported a history of high glucose and 23.9% had family history of T2DM. This study opens doors for further intervention research in the town, in which individuals at high risk for T2DM would be accompanied by health professionals from the ESF and the NÃcleos de Apoio à SaÃde da FamÃlia. With the aim to reduce or delay the onset of the disease, the individuals would be given guidance as to changes in lifestyle and interventions on potential risk factors found