Jornalismo ambiental na Amaz??nia: as fontes de informa????o na cobertura dos desmatamentos no Jornal O Liberal do Par??

O presente Estudo de Caso procura examinar como se deu a cobertura dos desmatamentos na Amaz??nia, no jornal O Liberal, do Par??, no ano de 2008. Partimos da premissa de que as not??cias sobre o meio ambiente s??o constru??das a partir de um sistema complexo de rela????es entre jornalistas e fontes de informa????o, em que as fontes oficiais predominam no processo. Num segundo momento, buscamos identificar as falas que melhor caracterizam o confronto de opini??es, sobre os desmatamentos, e como isso repercute na produ????o noticiosa. A an??lise quantitativa revelou que houve uma predomin??ncia das fontes dos setores Pol??ticos: representadas, na sua grande maioria, pelo governo federal ??? atrav??s do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renov??veis (IBAMA) e do Minist??rio do Meio Ambiente, que atingiram um percentual de 65,21%, em rela????o ao total de mat??rias publicadas (230); seguidas das fontes do meio Cient??fico, Econ??mico e Social. As fontes do meio Social, representadas pelo cidad??o comum, a sociedade civil organizada, aparecem em ??ltimo lugar, com um percentual de 6,52%. A an??lise qualitativa para examinar as falas que melhor caracterizam o confronto de opini??es, concluiu que: madeireiros, pol??ticos, pesquisadores e entidades sociais consideram a falta de regulariza????o fundi??ria, como a principal causa dos desmatamentos ilegais na Amaz??nia; e que as a????es de fiscaliza????o do governo federal, juntamente com a implementa????o de pol??ticas p??blicas, incluindo a cria????o de Unidades de Conserva????o (UCs), e o reflorestamento das ??reas j?? degradadas, representam um avan??o no combate aos desmatamentos na Amaz??nia. Constatamos, por outro lado, que fontes ligadas aos meios cient??ficos e pol??ticos, defendem a manuten????o da ???floresta em p?????, como a alternativa mais coerente, do ponto de vista social e ambiental, e mesmo econ??mico, para a preserva????o da Amaz??nia, enquanto maior patrim??nio gen??tico do planeta e, tamb??m, para assegurar a sobreviv??ncia dos mais de 23 milh??es de pessoas que vivem na regi??o, principalmente, daquelas popula????es que dependem do extrativismo para o seu sustento.This case study proposes to examine how the deforestation in Amazonia was spread out on O Liberal newspaper in Par?? in 2008. It starts from the point that news on environment is built from a complex system of relations between journalists and sources of information and that, along the process, official sources prevail. The second step is to identify speeches that better feature the confrontation of opinions on deforestation, and how this reflects in news output. A quantitative analysis revealed that the sources were predominant in politician sectors - represented by Federal Agencies, IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Renewal Resources) and Ministry of Environment, state and municipal government, a total of 65,21%, regarding to all printed published texts (230); followed by scientific, economic and social sources. Social sources, represented by the common citizen, organized civil society, turn up in last place, with 6,52%. A qualitative analysis to observe speeches that better feature the confrontation of opinions achieved that: lumbers, politicians, researchers and social entities consider a lack of agrarian regularization in Amazonia as the main cause of illegal deforestation; and that the control of federal government proceedings, public policy implementation, including the creation of Conservation Units, and reforestation of areas already degraded, represent an advance in the combat to criminal environments. It was evidenced, on the other hand, that scientific and politician sources, defend that the ???Stand up Forest??? maintenance is the most correct alternative, a whole, of social and environmental point of view, and even economic, to assure the preservation of the forest as the biggest genetic patrimony on the planet, and more than 23 million people who live in the region, mainly, those populations that depend on the extractive for their survival