Impactos da ado????o das International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) nos indicadores econ??mico-financeiros de institui????es financeiras brasileiras

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os impactos da ado????o das normas internacionais nos indicadores econ??mico-financeiros de institui????es financeiras brasileiras, por meio dos indicadores de solv??ncia, estrutura patrimonial e de capta????o, e de rentabilidade. Replicou-se o estudo internacional de Miranda (2008), cujos indicadores econ??mico-financeiros foram calculados para bancos de alguns pa??ses da Uni??o Europeia. Outro estudo com influ??ncia significativa foi o de Farias et al. (2014). A amostra foi composta de dezenove institui????es financeiras listadas na BM&FBovespa e a Caixa Econ??mica Federal. Os relat??rios cont??beis foram extra??dos preferencialmente da p??gina eletr??nica BM&FBovespa, no ano de 2009 no formato BR GAAP e no ano de 2010 a reapresenta????o de 2009 em IFRS. Para verifica????o do impacto das normas internacionais, foram realizadas an??lises por meio da compara????o das m??dias de cada um dos indicadores econ??mico-financeiros, calculados em ambos os padr??es cont??beis. Os resultados retornados pelo teste Mann Whitney sinalizaram que n??o h?? diferen??a significativa entre as m??dias dos indicadores econ??mico-financeiros de institui????es financeiras calculados em BR GAAP e IFRS. O resultado do estudo difere-se do achado de Miranda (2008) no qual, para alguns indicadores e pa??ses, foram identificadas diferen??as relevantes. Entretanto observou-se por meio da varia????o das m??dias que para os indicadores econ??mico-financeiros: encaixe volunt??rio, liquidez imediata, alavancagem e retorno sobre o patrim??nio l??quido, as m??dias dos resultados foram superiores no formato BR GAAP, enquanto que para participa????o em empr??stimos, empr??stimos/dep??sitos e capitaliza????o, as m??dias maiores foram encontradas em IFRS. Os principais conceitos que refletiram nas altera????es dos indicadores econ??mico-financeiros foram: a nova classifica????o de equivalente de caixa, mensura????o de valor recuper??vel das opera????es de cr??dito e derivativos, menor provis??o para cr??ditos de liquida????o duvidosa, aplica????o do conceito de valor justo e modifica????es quanto ?? participa????o dos acionistas n??o controladores. Apesar de n??o serem encontradas altera????es estatisticamente significativas considerou-se que a carteira de cr??dito cresceu, devido ?? aplica????o da IAS 39, que adia o reconhecimento dos cr??ditos perdidos, assim as IFRS aparentemente aumentaram o conservadorismo das institui????es financeiras, tamb??m quando considerada a redu????o dos dep??sitos e aplica????es interfinanceiras de liquidez. Por??m sob a ??tica das provis??es da carteira de cr??dito elas se mostraram menos conservadoras, proporcionando melhores resultados.The objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of the adoption of international standards in economic and financial indicators of Brazilian financial institutions, through the solvency indicators, capital structure and funding, and profitability. Replied to the international study of Miranda (2008), in which economic and financial indicators were calculated for banks in some countries of the European Union. Another study with significant influence was Farias et al.(2014). The sample consisted of nineteen financial institutions listed on the BM&FBovespa and the Caixa Econ??mica Federal. Financial reporting, preferably were taken from the web page BM&FBovespa, in 2009 in BR GAAP format and in 2010 the 2009 restatement under IFRS. To verify the impact of international standards, analyzes were performed by comparing the averages of each economic and financial indicators, calculated in both accounting standards. The results returned by Mann Whitney test indicate that there is no significant difference between the means of economic and financial indicators of financial institutions calculated in BR GAAP and IFRS. The result of the study differs from Miranda???s finding (2008) in which significant differences were identified for some indicators and countries. However it was observed by varying: the averages for the economic and financial voluntary fitting indicators, immediate liquidity, leverage and return on equity, that the average of the results was higher in BR GAAP format, while that for participation in loans, loans / deposits and savings, the highest means were found in IFRS. The main concepts reflecting changes at economic and financial indicators were: the new cash equivalents classification, measurement of impairment of loans and derivatives, less allowance for doubtful accounts, the idea of fair value and changes as to the non-controlling shareholders. Although not statistically significant changes were found, the loan portfolio grew due to the application of IAS 39, which defers the which defers the recognition of lost assets, so the IFRS apparently increased financial institutions??? conservatism, also when considering the reduction of deposits and interbank investments. But from the perspective of the loan portfolio provisions they were less conservative, providing better results