Defensividad, hygienic, production of honey and propolis in two generations of Apis mellifera

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo quantificar a produÃÃo de prÃpolis e mel, comportamento higiÃnico e defensivo, estimar a correlaÃÃo entre elas e suas herdabilidades em colÃnias de Apis mellifera. No inicio do experimento foram utilizadas 30 colmeias modelo Langstroth, instaladas em apiÃrios localizados em distritos diferentes do MunicÃpio de Marechal CÃndido Rondon. Foram coletados: a prÃpolis (raspagem do coletor apis flora) e o mel, e foram observados os comportamentos: defensivo (bola preta) e higiÃnico (perfuraÃÃo de crias). Dentre as 30 colÃnias, foram selecionadas as 10 que mais produziram mel e prÃpolis. Destas foram retirados favos com crias de 1 a 3 dias e realizada transferÃncia para produzir rainhas, originando a geraÃÃo F1. ApÃs 15 dias, as rainhas foram transferidas para colÃnias receptoras que estavam orfanadas e instaladas na fazenda experimental da UNIOESTE. Foram realizados os mesmos testes mencionados anteriormente e mapeamentos bimestrais, que permitiram estimar as Ãreas de alimento (mel e pÃlen) e crias (ovo-larva e pupa). Para o teste de comportamento defensivo foram avaliados: o tempo para ocorrer a primeira ferroada, o tempo de aglomeraÃÃo e a quantidade de ferrÃes. Aplicou-se o teste T para comparaÃÃo de mÃdias e foram estimadas as correlaÃÃes entre as caracterÃsticas e a herdabilidade das mesmas. Quanto à correlaÃÃo, na geraÃÃo parental se correlacionaram positivamente as caracterÃsticas: tempo para aglomeraÃÃo com tempo para ocorrer a primeira ferroada e produÃÃo de mel com comportamento higiÃnico. As caracterÃsticas com correlaÃÃo negativa foram: produÃÃo de mel com quantidade de ferrÃes e com tempo para ocorrer a primeira ferroada; quantidade de ferroadas com tempo de aglomeraÃÃo; comportamento higiÃnico com tempo para ocorrer a primeira ferroada e produÃÃo de mel com a produÃÃo de prÃpolis. Na geraÃÃo F1 houve correlaÃÃo positiva entre as variÃveis: tempo para aglomeraÃÃo com tempo para ocorrer a primeira ferroada; tempo de aglomeraÃÃo com Ãreas de ovo-larva e pupa, e Ãrea de pupa com tempo para ocorrer a primeira ferroada e com a quantidade de ferrÃes. Houve correlaÃÃo negativa entre quantidade de ferrÃes com tempo para ocorrer a primeira ferroada e com tempo de aglomeraÃÃo, bem como entre as Ãreas de ovo-larva com Ãreas de pÃlen. As herdabilidades mais altas encontradas foram: produÃÃo de prÃpolis (0,87), tempo para ocorrer a primeira ferroada (0,87) e tempo para aglomeraÃÃo (0,84). Concluiu-se que as caracterÃsticas selecionadas com alta herdabilidade foram produÃÃes de prÃpolis e as variÃveis do comportamento defensivoThis research aims to quantify the production of propolis and honey, hygienic and defensive behavior, to estimate the correlation between them and their heritabilities in colonies of Apis mellifera. At the beginning of the experiment, 30 Langstroth model beehives were used, installed in apiaries located in different districts of the city of Marechal Candido Rondon. Propolis (scraping of the collector apis flora) and honey were collected, and the following behaviors were observed: defensive (black ball) and hygienic (drilling of offspring). Among the 30 colonies, the 10 that produced more honey and propolis were selected. From these colonies, honeycombs with 1 to 3 days offspring were removed and performed transfer to produce queens, originating the F1 generation. After 15 days, the queens were transferred to colonies that were receiving orphan and installed in the UNIOESTE experimental farm. The same tests mentioned above and bimonthly mappings were performed, which allowed to estimate the areas of food (honey and pollen) and offsprings (egg, larva and pupa). For the defensive behavior test: time to occur the first bite, the time of settlement and the amount of bite were evaluated. The T test was applied in order to compare averages, and the correlations between these characteristics and heritability were estimated. As for the correlation, in the parental generation characteristics was positively correlated: time for agglomeration to occur the first bite and production of honey in hygienic behavior. The characteristics with negative correlation were: production of honey in quantity and time to occur the first bite, sting amount with time of agglomeration, the hygienic behavior with time to occur the first bite, and production of honey with the production of propolis. In the F1 generation, there was a positive correlation between the variables: time for agglomeration with time to occur the first bite, time of agglomeration with areas of egg, larva and pupa, and areas of pupa of with time to occur the first bite and the amount of stings. There was a negative correlation between amount of bite with time to occur the first bite and with time of agglomeration, and between the areas of egg-larva with areas of pollen. The highest heritabilities were: production of propolis (0.87), time to occur the first bite (0.87) and time to settlement (0.84) were highest heritability found. It was concluded that the selectable characteristics with high heritability were output of propolis and the variables of defensive behavio