Pesquisa de fungos com potencial patog??nico em ambientes e equipamentos de uso veterin??rio e avalia????o da desinfec????o hospitalar

O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes de cl??nicas e consult??rios veterin??rios, pet shops e hospital veterin??rio da cidade de Pelotas/RS, bem como avaliar a efic??cia in vitro dos desinfetantes/antiss??pticos utilizados na limpeza dos locais estudados. Foram realizadas coletas de superf??cie do hospital veterin??rio antes e ap??s a desinfec????o da sala do consult??rio, sala cir??rgica, interna????o e UTI, atrav??s de placas de contato contendo ??gar Sabouraud acrescido de cloranfenicol, incubadas a 32??C por cinco dias, para obten????o de unidades formadoras de col??nias (UFC). Posteriormente, foi realizado o teste de suscetibilidade in vitro dos isolados f??ngicos frente ao hipoclorito de s??dio, cloreto de benzalc??nio, clorexidina-cetrimida e derivado cloro-fenol. Em pet shops, consult??rios e cl??nicas veterin??rias tamb??m foram coletadas amostras de rascadeiras e l??minas da m??quina de tosa atrav??s de swabs est??reis e impress??o em placas contendo ??gar Sabouraud acrescido de cloranfenicol e azeite de oliva e ??gar Mycosel??, incubadas a 25?? e 32??C, por at?? 15 dias. No ambiente hospitalar, a contagem das UFC/cm2 filamentosas e leveduriformes foi maior na sala de interna????o antes da desinfec????o, enquanto que, a sala cir??rgica foi a menos contaminada. A an??lise das superf??cies demonstrou que a baia era a mais contaminada antes da desinfec????o, enquanto que a calha apresentava menor contamina????o. O crescimento de fungos filamentosos ocorreu em 88,9%(192/216) das amostras antes da desinfec????o, identificado Aspergillus spp em 29,2%(56/192). J?? o crescimento de fungos leveduriformes ocorreu em 11,1%(24/216) das amostras, com os g??neros Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula e Cryptococcus. Ap??s a desinfec????o houve crescimento de fungos filamentosos em 73,3%(143/195) das amostras, sendo identificado o g??nero Aspergillus em 28,7%(41/143). O crescimento de fungos leveduriformes ocorreu em 26,2%(51/195) das amostras, pertencentes aos g??neros Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula e Cryptococcus e 0,5% foi o percentual de isolamento de fungo dim??rfico, Sporothrix schenckii. Das 150 amostras obtidas dos instrumentos de tosa, o crescimento f??ngico ocorreu em 58 amostras, sendo 58,6% (34/58) referentes ?? l??mina da m??quina de tosa e 41,4% (24/58) a rascadeira. Foram identificados os g??neros Candida (34,7%), Malassezia (47,5%), Trichosporon (2,5%) e Rhodotorula (15,3%), por??m n??o foram isolados dermat??fitos. A concentra????o inibit??ria m??nima (CIM) e concentra????o fungicida m??nima (CFM) dos isolados de Aspergillus spp frente aos quatro desinfetantes/antiss??pticos variaram de ≤ 1,25 a > 160 μl/mL e ≤ 1,25 a 80 μl/mL, respectivamente. Enquanto que, tanto a CIM e CFM dos isolados dos g??neros Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon e Rhodotorula frente aos quatro desinfetantes/antiss??pticos, variaram de ≤ 1,25 a 40 μl/mL. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, no ambiente hospitalar veterin??rio est??o presentes fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes e ap??s a desinfec????o houve redu????o da contamina????o f??ngica, por??m n??o apresentando diferen??a estat??stica significativa; considerando os instrumentos de tosa, a l??mina da m??quina de tosa foi a mais contaminada, com predomin??ncia do g??nero Malassezia; a clorexidina-cetrimida, cloreto de benzalc??nio e derivado de cloro-fenol foram eficazes na concentra????o de uso indicada pelo fabricante, enquanto que o hipoclorito de s??dio na concentra????o de uso n??o inibiu o crescimento f??ngico de 56,1% dos isolados testados.The aim of this study was isolate filamentous fungi and yeast from veterinary clinics, pet shop and veterinary hospital in Pelotas city/RS and do in vitro test of disinfectants/antiseptics used for clean these places. Surfaces samples were collected from the veterinary hospital before and after the disinfection of the doctor s room, surgery room, internation room and UTI. Samples were collect using contact plates containing agar Sabouraud dextrose added of chloramphenicol, which were incubate at 32??C during five days. After that, the in vitro susceptibility test against sodium hipoclorite, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine-cetrimide and chlorine-phenol derivate was done. Samples from the pet shop, veterinary room and clinics were collected with brush and blade of shearing machine with swabs and cultured in plates containing Sabouraud dextrose agar added of chloramphenicol and olive-oil and Mycosel?? agar, incubated at 25?? and 32??C, for 15 days. In the hospital environment, the filamentous and yeast colonies (CFU/ cm2) was higher in the internation room, showing fungal contamination before disinfection, while the surgical room was the less contaminated. The surfaces studied showed that the stall was the most contaminated before the disinfection, while the trough had a lower contamination. Filamentous fungi grew in 88.9% (192/216) of samples before disinfection, within Aspergillus spp identified in 29.2% (56/192). While, yeasts were recovered in 11.1% (24/216) of samples; corresponding to Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus genus. After a disinfection, filamentous fungi growth occurred in 73.3%(143/195) of samples, within Aspergillus genus corresponded to 28.7%(41/143). The yeast fungi growth was found in 26.2%(51/195) of samples, and belong to Candida, Malassezia, Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus genus and 0.5% of dimorphic fungi, Sporothrix schenckii. Of these 150 samples through shearing instruments, the fungi growth was observed in 58 samples, within 58.6% (34/58) at blade of shearing machine and 41.4% (24/58) from brush. There, Candida (34.7%), Malassezia (47.5%), Trichosporon (2.5%) e Rhodotorula (15.3%) were the genus identified, noone dermatophytes was obtain. The range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) of disinfectants/antiseptics against Aspergillus spp isolates were ≤ 1.25 to > 160 μl/mL and ≤ 1.25 to 80 μl/mL, respectively. Whereas, range of MIC and MFC of disinfectants/antiseptics against Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon and Rhodotorula genus isolates were ≤ 1.25 to 40 μl/mL. In the veterinary hospital environment filamentous fungi and yeast are present. After disinfection a decrease in the fungal contamination occurs, but without statistically significant. About shearing instruments, the blade of shearing machine was the most contaminated part, with a predominance of Malassezia genus. The benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine-cetrimide and chlorine-phenol derivated were effective in the use concentration recommended by the manufacturer, while the sodium hypochlorite use concentration did not inhibit fungal growth of 56.1% of isolates tested