Wine-producing profile, phenology, quality and vines production of american and hybrid grapes in Pelotas-RS

A vitivinicultura ?? uma atividade antiga em Pelotas-RS e a viabilidade do cultivo da uva ?? facilitada pela tradi????o da mesma na fruticultura, por??m s??o poucos os dados t??cnicos e cient??ficos sobre a mesma nessa regi??o. Com isso, objetivou-se neste trabalho descrever o perfil vitivin??cola, determinar a fenologia e caracterizar a qualidade e produ????o de videiras americanas e h??brida cultivadas em Pelotas-RS. A descri????o do perfil atual da vitivinicultura de Pelotas foi efetuada com a aplica????o de um question??rio aos produtores de uvas. As avalia????es de fenologia, determina????o da qualidade e produ????o foram realizadas nas cultivares de uva americana Bord?? , Isabel , Ni??gara Rosada e a h??brida BRS Violeta , de um vinhedo particular localizado no interior de Pelotas-RS, nas safras 2008/2009 e 2009/2010. As plantas foram conduzidas em latada, com espa??amento de 2,0 metros entre plantas e 3,0 metros entre linhas, atingindo ??rea m??dia de 0,5 ha. A observa????o e o registro dos est??dios fenol??gicos (in??cio da brota????o, pleno florescimento, in??cio da matura????o at?? a colheita), das cultivares em estudo se deu por meio da escala fenol??gica sugerida por Eichhorn e Lorenz (1977). As exig??ncias t??rmicas das cultivares avaliadas foram determinadas pelo c??lculo de graus-dia (GD) segundo as equa????es propostas por Villa Nova et al. (1972). Para qualidade dos frutos foram realizadas as an??lises de caracteriza????o qu??mica: s??lidos sol??veis (SS), acidez titul??vel (AT), SS/AT e pH. Para a caracteriza????o de produ????o foram analisados: n??mero de cachos por planta, massa m??dia dos cachos, massa m??dia dos cachos por planta e produtividade. Dentre as cultivares implantadas, Bord?? e Isabel s??o as que atingem maiores ??reas e h?? muito tempo j?? est??o inseridas num contexto tradicional, e s??o implantadas com intuito de produzir vinhos, sucos e destinar parte das uvas ao mercado in natura. Juntamente com a Ni??gara Rosada representam alternativas de mercado. As demais, como a cultivar BRS Violeta, s??o adicionadas ao grupo de cultivares de uvas para agregar valor aos produtos elaborados e, consequentemente, contribuir para elevar potencial da produ????o. A cultivar Isabel foi a mais tardia e apresentou os maiores intervalos de dias e ac??mulo t??rmico transcorridos entre a poda e a colheita, seguida das cultivares Bord??, BRS Violeta e Ni??gara Rosada. Nas respectivas safras a BRS Violeta apresentou maiores teores de SS, pH e SS/AT, e a cultivar Bord?? apresentou maior AT; o SS/AT para todas as cultivares e nas safras estudadas est?? dentro do limite estabelecido na legisla????o brasileira. As cultivares mais produtivas foram Isabel na safra de 2008/2009 e BRS Violeta em 2009/2010.The vitiviniculture is an antique activity in the region of Pelotas-RS. The viability of the grape cultivation is facilitated by its tradition in the horticulture; however there are little technical and scientific data of growing in the particular region. Therefore, the objective of this work was to describe the wine-producing profile, to determine the phenology and to characterize the quality and production of common grapevines grown in the region of Pelotas-RS. The description of the current profile of the vitiviniculture of Pelotas was carried by an application of a questionnaire done to the grape growers. The evaluations of phenology and the determination of quality and production were carried on cultivars of common grapes: Bord?? , Isabel , Ni??gara Rosada and BRS Violeta from a private vineyard sited in the countryside of Pelotas- RS in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 crops. Trees were trained under trellis system with spacing of 2,0 x 3,0 (treexline), totaling an area average of 0,5 ha. The observation and registration of the phenological stages (shoot burst, full bloom, beginning of ripening to harvest time) of the cultivars assessed were done by phenological scale according Eichhorn e Lorenz (1977). Thermal requirements of the cultivars were determined by degree-day calculation according equations proposed by Villa Nova et al. (1972). Fruit quality was assessed regarding soluble solids, titratable, SS/TA and pH. For yield characterization it was analyzed number of bunch per tree, bunch mass, bunch mass per tree and yield. Among the cultivars assessed Bord?? and Isabel reach the largest areas and longer are already inserted in this context; It comprises a traditional context and is implanted aiming to produce wines and juices and grapes to the in natura market.Together Ni??gara Rosada they represent alternatives of market. The others, such as the cultivar BRS Violeta, are added to the group of grape cultivars that aggregate value to elaborated products and, consequently, contribute to increase yield production. Isabel was the later cultivar and showed the highest day intervals and thermal accumulation occurred from pruning to harvest; followed by cultivars Bord??, BRS Violeta and Ni??gara Rosada. In the respective crops BRS Violeta showed higher contents of SS, pH and SS/TA; the cultivar Bord?? showed higher TA. In the all cultivars and crops assessed SS/TA is in the limit established in the Brazilian legislation. The more productive cultivars were Isabel in 2008/2009 and BRS Violeta in 2009/2010 crop