Pollination, production and quality of jelly palm (Butia odorata Barb. Rodr.) Noblick & Lorenzi

A poliniza????o apresenta-se como fator determinante na produ????o de frutos em v??rias esp??cies de fruteiras, em especial naquelas que n??o se reproduzem por partenocarpia. Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a influ??ncia da autopoliniza????o e da poliniza????o cruzada de Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick & Lorenzi na produ????o e na qualidade do butiazeiro. Para tal, foram utilizados 14 gen??tipos de butiazeiros do banco ativo de germoplasma (BAG) da FAEM-UFPel. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: n??o-ensacamento (T1) e ensacamento com TNT (T2). Avaliou-se: ciclo m??dio de produ????o (dias), massa m??dia dos frutos (g), massa m??dia de polpa (g), rendimento de polpa (%), massa m??dia dos pir??nios (g), n??mero de frutos, di??metro equatorial dos frutos (DEF), di??metro longitudinal dos frutos (DLF), di??metro equatorial dos pir??nios (DEP), di??metro longitudinal dos pir??nios (DLP), rela????o DLF/DEF, rela????o DLP/DEP, volume de suco (em ml), n??mero m??dio de am??ndoas/pir??nio (NA/P), am??ndoas brocadas/pir??nio (%AB/P), massa m??dia unit??ria de am??ndoas (MMUA), pir??nios sem am??ndoas (%PSA), colorimetria da epiderme (??Hue), s??lidos sol??veis (??Brix), acidez titul??vel (AT), ratio (SS/AT), pH do suco, teor de ??cido asc??rbico (em mg de AA.100ml-1 suco), data m??dia de flora????o (DMF em dd/mm/aa) e data m??dia de colheita (DMC em dd/mm/aa). A autopoliniza????o dos butiazeiros provocou redu????o dos ??ndices gerais nas vari??veis massa m??dia dos frutos, n??mero de frutos, DEP, NA/P, %AB/P, AT e ??cido asc??rbico; aumentou de forma significativa a massa m??dia de polpa, rela????o DLF/DEF, DLP/DEP, volume de suco, MMUA, %PSA, SS, Ratio e rendimento de polpa. Concluiu-se que o ensacamento de cachos do butiazeiro diminui a produ????o em 49,31%, todavia, provoca melhoria na qualidade das frutas. As frutas que foram privadas da poliniza????o cruzada resultaram em aumento do rendimento de polpa (2,87%). A poliniza????o cruzada ?? fundamental nos gen??tipos G. 32, G. 35, G. 57 e G. 63, sem a qual n??o h?? produ????o de frutas.Pollination is presented as a determining factor in the production of fruits in various fruit species, especially those that do not reproduce by parthenocarpy. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of self-pollination and cross-pollination of jelly palm in production and fruit quality. To this end, we used 14 genotypes of jelly palm of BAG of FAEM-UFPel, RS, Brazil. The treatments were: non-bagging (T1) and bagging with TNT (T2). Evaluated: average production cycle (days), average fruit weight (g), the average mass of pulp (g), pulp yield (%), average mass of pyrenes (g), number of fruits, equatorial diameter of fruits (EDF), longitudinal diameter of fruits (LDF), equatorial diameter of pyrenes (EDP), longitudinal diameter of pyrenes (LDP), relationship LDF/EDF, relationship LDP/EDP, amount of juice (ml), average number of almonds/pyrene (NA/P), almonds brocade/pyrene (%AB/P), average mass unitarian of almonds (AMUA), without almonds pyrenes (%WAP), skin colorimetry (??Hue), soluble solids (??Brix), titratable acidity (TA) ratio (SS/TA), juice pH, ascorbic acid (mg.100ml-1 juice), average date of flowering (DF) and average date of harvest (H). Self-pollination of jelly palm caused a reduction of the overall rates in the variables average mass of fruit, fruit number, EDP, NA/P, %AB/P, TA and ascorbic acid, significantly increased the average mass of pulp, relationship LDF/EDF , relationship LDP/EDP, amount of juice (ml), AMUA, % PSA, SS, ratio and pulp yield (%). It was concluded that the bagging of clusters of jelly palm cause declines, in the production, of 49.31%. However, leads to improvement in the quality of the fruit. The fruits that have been deprived of cross-pollination resulted in increased pulp yield (2.87%). The cross-pollination is essential in genotypes G. 32, G. 35, G. 57 and G. 63, without it there is no fruit production