Anthocyan pigments in selected fruits

This diploma thesis is concerned with determination anthocyanins dyes in elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). In theoretical part there is described general characterization of the plant, its chemical composition, short view of elderberry breeding and possibilities of usage in food and medical industry. Bigger attention is paid to anthocyanins dyes. There is described their characterization, occurrence, factors that have an impact on their stability. Biosynhesis of the pigments and metabolism, benefit effects and their usage in food chemistry are then shortly sumarized. Methods of determination of anthocyanins are discused too. Next chapter deals with high performance liquid chromatography. At the end of theoretical part, there is sumarized findings of anthocyan dyes analysis by expert scientists in various matrix. In experimental part, total of 16 species of elderberry were analyzed. These species are from research and breeding institute of pomology in Holovousy. The dyes were identification and quantification by high performace liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector. Detection wavelenght was 520 nm. Gradient of mobile phase was optimilized because of shortening analyses time and resolution improvement. Four dyes were identified by HPLC: cyanidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-glukoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglukoside a cyanidin-3-sambubioside-5-glukoside. Total amount of anthocyanins ranged from 33627167,0 to 5525284,0 mAU•min-1. The most anthocyanins dyes were determined in Mammut species (33627167,0 mAU•min-1), the lowest amount was measured in Aurea species (5525284,0 mAU•min-1). The most abundant anthocyanin in all species of eldeberry fruit except Haschebrg and Aurea species was cyanidin-3-sambubioside. The concentrations of cynidin-3-glucoside in all of the berries were quantified using regression equation of calibration curve. Mammut species had the most amount of this anthocyan (0,486 mg•ml-1) and the lowest amount had Aurea species (0,033 mg•ml-1)