Influence of an impact angle and cooling on the temperature of the irradiated target

The effect of a particle beam's impact angle on the temperature in an irradiated target is still an open question. A Gaussian beam with a low impact angle within a target has a larger surface area than the same beam incident orthogonally, so greater heat transfer is expected for low impact angles. In this report, heat transfer due to orthogonal and glancing impact angles were compared. Two different loss scenarios were considered: a proton beam with 107 protons/bunch incident on a tar- get for 5 seconds, and a proton beam with 105 protons/bunch incident for 1 second. The higher intensity beam at longer exposure demonstrated that although heat transfer is greater for low beam impact angles, higher intensities make cooling negligible. In the lower intensity simulation, however, cooling has more influence when the beam is incident at an angle than when the beam is incident orthogonally