In economics, many quantities are related to each other. Such economic relations are often much more complex than relations in science and engineering, where some quantities are independence, and the relation between others can be well approximated by linear functions. As a result of this complexity, when we apply traditional statistical techniques -- developed for science and engineering -- to process economic data, the inadequate treatment of dependence leads to misleading models and erroneous predictions. Some economists even blamed such inadequate treatment of dependence for the 2008 financial crisis. To make economic models more adequate, we need more accurate techniques for describing dependence. Such techniques are currently being de...