In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or 'stacked' in genetically modified (GM) crops. Synergism between Bt proteins may occur and thereby increase the impact of the stacked GM event on nontarget invertebrates compared to plants expressing a single Bt gene. On the basis of bioassay data available for Bt toxins alone or in combination, we argue that the current knowledge of Bt protein interactions is of limited relevance in environmental risk assessment (ERA).</p
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops, genetically modified to express insecticidal toxins that target k...
Genetically modified (GM) plants with insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes are widely acce...
Genetically modified (GM) plants with insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes are widely acce...
<p>In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or...
<p>In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or...
In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or 's...
In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or 's...
<p>In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combi...
Genes expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins have been incorporated into genetically modified...
Genes expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins have been incorporated into genetically modified...
# The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Background, aim...
Stacked GM crops expressing up to six Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are today replacin...
Bt proteins are crystal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the early stage of spore...
This paper reviews the scientific literature addressing the environmental fate and nontarget effects...
The ubiquitous nature of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a Gram-positive bacterium capable of producing...
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops, genetically modified to express insecticidal toxins that target k...
Genetically modified (GM) plants with insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes are widely acce...
Genetically modified (GM) plants with insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes are widely acce...
<p>In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or...
<p>In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or...
In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or 's...
In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or 's...
<p>In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combi...
Genes expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins have been incorporated into genetically modified...
Genes expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins have been incorporated into genetically modified...
# The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Background, aim...
Stacked GM crops expressing up to six Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are today replacin...
Bt proteins are crystal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the early stage of spore...
This paper reviews the scientific literature addressing the environmental fate and nontarget effects...
The ubiquitous nature of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a Gram-positive bacterium capable of producing...
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops, genetically modified to express insecticidal toxins that target k...
Genetically modified (GM) plants with insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes are widely acce...
Genetically modified (GM) plants with insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes are widely acce...