Nature governance: a multimodal view

This chapter introduces ‘nature governance’ as an approach broader than the management of natural resources. It is argued that a ‘multimodal’ view allows for considering different modes of governance to interact and take place outside the confines of the traditional ideal-types (i.e. markets, hierarchies, networks). It criticises the calibrative techniques wherein ideologies, policies and strategies are used to (re)calibrate society and environment instead of looking at the social, economic and environmental needs of the communities