The effect of common groundwater anions on the aqueous corrosion of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and associated removal of aqueous copper and zinc

This work has investigated the influence of common groundwater anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42- and HCO3-) on the corrosion behaviour and associated removal of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) ions onto nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (nZVI). After 16 week exposure to solutions containing each anion at 10 mM concentrations, nZVI was observed to corrode into different iron (hydr)oxide phases (determined using XRD), depending upon the anion present: HNO3- produced goethite particles; NO3- produced predominantly magnetite/maghemite particles; both SO42- and Cl- produced a mixture of phases, including magnetite/maghemite, lepidocrocite and goethite. For solutions containing the different anions and 0.3 mM concentrations of Cu or Zn, near-total metal removal onto nZVI was recorded in the initial stages of the reaction (e.g.